The invention discloses a floating charge protection type lithium iron phosphate storage battery which comprises a lithium iron phosphate positive electrode, a lithium iron phosphate negative electrode, an isolating membrane, an electrolyte and a shell, wherein the shell comprises a cover plate component and a shell body; the cover plate component comprises a cover plate, a positive pole component, a negative pole component, a liquid injection hole and a detachable safety valve; the liquid injection hole is formed in the center of the cover plate and is provided with a threaded flange; the liquid injection hole is raised towards the outer side of the cover plate to form a tubular cavity; the diameter of the tubular cavity is greater than that of a needle head of a liquid injection machine; the inner wall of the tubular cavity is provided with threads; the detachable safety valve is arranged at the liquid injection hole; after the safety valve is detached down, the electrolyte of the battery can be repeatedly supplemented. When being applied to the direct current system of electric power engineering, the battery can be used as a standby power supply of a power plant and a transformer substation. As for the wiring mode of the direct current system of the lithium iron phosphate battery, except that a storage battery body externally adopts automatic current sharing, storage battery protection devices are connected in parallel at two ends of each storage battery; the capacity of a lithium iron phosphate storage battery pack is properly no more than 200Ah when the battery is used in the substations of 110KV or below. By adopting the floating charge protection type lithium iron phosphate storage battery, the potential safety hazard of the storage battery in long-term floating charge operation is eliminated.