The invention relates to a construction method of a single-pipe grouting bottom-expanding cast-in-place pile, and belongs to the field of cast-in-place piles. The construction method comprises the following steps that 1, a spiral pile machine is used for drilling a foundation to form a pile hole, meanwhile, wall protection slurry is poured, after a drill bit reaches a preset position, a drill rodis lifted, the bottom of the pile hole is expanded, and a pile bottom expanding part is formed; 2, the pile hole is cleaned; 3, a reinforcement cage is placed into the pile hole, and the bottom of thereinforcement cage is inserted into the pile bottom expanding part; 4, a first guide mechanism and a second guide mechanism are installed at the position, close to the pile hole, of the ground and the top of the reinforcement cage correspondingly, and a pouring guide pipe is inserted into the pile hole through the first guide mechanism and the second guide mechanism; and 5, a concrete pump is connected to the top of the pouring guide pipe, and pile forming concrete slurry is poured into the pouring guide pipe. The construction method has the effect of keeping the pouring guide pipe stable when being put down.