The invention discloses an anti-surge control method of a high-pressure waste gas recycling supercharger of a diesel engine. The method includes the steps that 1, an ECU reads air inlet pressure, airinlet temperature and air flow signals of the engine, and the actual pressure ratio and air flow mass flow of the supercharger (1) are calculated; 2, whether the actual pressure ratio exceeds a critical pressure ratio of surge corresponding to the air inlet amount or not is judged, if yes, step 3 is executed, and if not, a waste gas recycling valve (4), a throttle valve (3) and the supercharger donot act; 3, the ECU reads the rotating speed and torque of the engine, and the speed change rate and torque change rate of the engine are calculated; 4, whether the speed change rate and the torque change rate of the engine exceed limit values or not is judged, if yes, step 5 is executed, and if not, the waste gas recycling valve, the throttle valve and the supercharger do not act; 6, the anti-surge state quits. According to the method, the problem of surge of the supercharger during normal running of a diesel vehicle is solved on the premise that emission and performance indexes of the engine are not reduced, and noise and moving caused by surge can be avoided.