The invention discloses an efficient energy-saving submerged arc furnace structure with a cooling function, and relates to the technical field of submerged arc furnaces. The structure comprises a submerged arc furnace body, a cooling mechanism, an auxiliary heating mechanism and a flow guide exhaust mechanism, wherein the cooling mechanism is arranged on the outer wall of the submerged arc furnace body, the flow guide exhaust mechanism is arranged on one side of the submerged arc furnace body, the auxiliary heating mechanism is arranged on the back face of the submerged arc furnace body, and the submerged arc furnace body comprises a combustion furnace chamber, a heat energy absorption box and a connector. By arranging a water pump, cooling water in a water tank is effectively pumped out and guided into an annular pipe and a supporting guide pipe which are arranged on a water guide support through the effect of a water guide pipe, and then the cooling water is atomized and sprayed out through the effect of an atomization spray head, so that it is guaranteed that the cooling water is evenly sprayed, and then cooling water flows through the furnace wall, so that corresponding heat can be directly taken away, furnace lining erosion is slowed down, metal fatigue of a furnace shell is reduced, the service life of the submerged arc furnace body is prolonged, and the durability of the submerged arc furnace body is effectively enhanced.