The invention discloses a traceable access control method based on double block chains, and the method comprises the steps: generating a decryption key, storing a file, storing an access control strategy, carrying out access authorization, carrying out user access, carrying out file decryption, and enabling an initial user to provide own attribute information for registration, thereby obtaining the decryption key; the uploaded file is encrypted and then stored in the IPFS, an intelligent access strategy of attributes is set according to the file, and the file can be accessed only when the intelligent strategy is met; and the accessed file also needs to be decrypted by a decryption key during registration, and when the file is tampered, the access process is checked to search for illegal users, so that more accurate equipment traceability is achieved. According to the method, the unpaired CP-ABE algorithm is adopted to encrypt the uploaded file, and the simple scalar multiplication in the elliptic curve encryption is utilized to replace bilinear pairing, so that the file encryption efficiency is improved; the IPFS is used for storing file data, the risk that a database is attacked is reduced, and the files are prevented from being lost and tampered.