The invention discloses a dynamically and smoothly expandable data acquisition system and method. The dynamically and smoothly expandable data acquisition system comprises a central data acquisition system and a data acquisition terminal, wherein the central data acquisition system comprises a gateway routing node, a data acquisition man aging node, data acquisition nodes, a security authenticating node, an acquired data storing node, a monitoring node, a time synchronizing service node, a security certificate storing node, a log managing node and a log storing node; the central data acquisition system communicates with the data acquisition terminal through a communication network; the data acquisition terminal transmits acquired device data to the data acquisition node, submits a data acquisition application form to the gateway routing node, acquires a node routing information form according to data fed back by the gateway routing node, and initiates a business report block transmission request to each data acquisition node for encrypted transmission of the data. According to the invention, the problems that the existing data acquisition system is high in expansion cost, poor in expansion capability and high in security risk under new application requirements are solved.