The invention provides a research method for identifying NK
cell depletion in
bone marrow of an AML patient and application of the research method. The method comprises the following steps: researching the maturity
phenotype of NK cells in
bone marrow when an AML patient relapses, and after determining the maturity of the NK cells, researching whether an inhibitory
receptor is in overexpression on the NK cells when the AML patient relapses based on a
receptor marker; and then, further researching the anti-tumor function change and multiplication capacity of the NK cells after recurrence of the AML patient and analyzing transcriptomics to identify the depletion phenomenon of the NK cells in the
bone marrow of the AML patient. According to the method provided by the invention, a systematic research method is provided for NK
cell depletion caused by
leukemia for the first time, the NK
cell depletion phenomenon of AML relapse patients after HSCT is proved, and meanwhile, high-frequency expression of NKG2A + NK cells is related to the relapse risk. Therefore, the research method provided by the invention has a huge application value in researching and judging whether the NK cells of the AML patient after HSCT are depleted or not.