The application discloses a pharmaceutical composition for treating esophageal cancer. The pharmaceutical composition is an oral preparation prepared through the cooperation between Chinese medicinalmaterials and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The Chinese medicinal materials are: cuttlebone, centipede, scorpion, ginseng root, common yam rhizome, dried ginger, tangerine peel, mongolian snakegourd root, danshen root, dwarf lilyturf tuber, house lizard, bulbus fritillariae thunbergii and pinellia tuber; and the parts by weight of the Chinese medicinal materials are: 11 to 15 parts of cuttlebone, 3 to 6 parts of centipede, 5 to 10 parts of scorpion, 3 to 5 parts of ginseng root, 9 to 12 parts of common yam rhizome, 5 to 8 parts of dried ginger, 9 to 15 parts of tangerine peel, 8 to 10parts of mongolian snakegourd root, 5 to 9 parts of danshen root, 8 to 10 parts of dwarf lilyturf tuber, 9 to 13 parts of house lizard, 3 to 7 parts of bulbus fritillariae thunbergii and 3 to 7 partsof pinellia tuber. While killing and inhibiting tumor cells, the pharmaceutical composition for treating esophageal cancer provided by the application can also enhance the immunity of the bodies of patients and the regulatory capability of the internal environment of the body and effectively protect and enhance the disease resistance of the body, thus increasing the long-term curative effect in treating esophageal cancer and the long-term survival rates of patients.