The invention discloses a tension holding structure of a prefabricated track plate prestressed tendon. The tension holding structure includes a first gear, a second gear, a first driving component, asecond driving component, a connecting seat, a guide rail, an elastic component, and tension rods connected to the two ends of the prestressed tendon. By application of the tension holding structure of the prefabricated track plate prestressed tendon, after a prestressed steel bar is tensioned, when the elastic component fits the periphery of the second gear on the periphery of the first gear, pressure is provided for the first gear, ensuring that after the first gear rotates, gear teeth of the first gear can be meshed with a toothed groove of the second gear, the first driving component drives the first gear to rotate, the first gear rotates to drive the second gear to rotate, the second gear axially moves along the tension rods while rotating, and draws close to and is attached to the track plate die wall, a tension state of the prestressed steel bar is retained continuously by using a fastening and self-locking function of threaded connections, the prestressed loss that may be caused by an existing anchor plate mode is overcome, and it is ensured that the track plate tensioning is qualified.