The invention belongs to the technical field of optical communication and particularly discloses an MEMS-based ultra-wide band adjustable optical filter which comprises a 1*N port optical switch group, an optical fiber array, an array optical waveguide, a collimating lens, a diffraction grating, a light beam compression unit and an MEMS micromirror, the optical switch group is connected with the optical fiber array, one side of the array optical waveguide is in butt coupling with the optical fiber array, the other side of the array optical waveguide is arranged on a front focal plane of the collimating lens, the diffraction grating is arranged on a rear focal plane of the collimating lens, and the diffraction grating and the MEMS micromirror are arranged on a front focal plane and a rear focal plane of the light beam compression unit respectively. Through the combination of the 1*N port optical switch group and the array optical waveguide, a working waveband is divided into N sub-wavebands, and the expansion of a tuning range is realized. According to the invention, the problem of narrow tuning range caused by the limitation of an MEMS manufacturing process in the prior art can besolved, and specifically, the tuning range of the filter can be expanded to N times through a band segmentation technology.