50 results about "Planar optical waveguide" patented technology

A mode insensitive 2x2 thermo-optic switch for mode division multiplexing system belongs to the technical field of planar optical waveguide devices. It is composed of a silicon substrate, a silicon dioxide lower cladding layer, a polymer core layer waveguide and a polymer upper cladding layer. The polymer core layer waveguide is composed of a first input straight waveguide and a second input straight waveguide, a first input S curved waveguide and a second input S curved waveguide, a first coupling arm straight waveguide, a second coupling arm straight waveguide and a third coupling arm straight waveguide, a first output S curved waveguide and a second output curved waveguide, and a first output straight waveguide and a second output straight waveguide. A metal modulation electrode is prepared on the polymer upper cladding layer corresponding to the second coupling arm straight waveguide. The present application realizes the channel switching of LP 01 , LP 11a and LP 11b three modes by adjusting the spacing and coupling length of the coupling arm straight waveguide and whether to apply the modulation electrode, which has important significance in the field of mode division multiplexing applications.

To realize more horizontal / vertical resolution points and higher frame rate than the conventional one.SOLUTION: A light beam deflector comprises: a wavelength variable semiconductor laser 1; a plane optical waveguide circuit 3 that splits light emitted from the wavelength variable semiconductor laser 1 into first number of beams same as the number of areas obtained by dividing an object space in a first direction, and emits the beams so as to select the emission position of the split beams in the first direction so that a position of one pixel in each corresponding area is irradiated with the beams; a dispersive element 5 that deflects the first number of beams emitted from the plane optical waveguide circuit 3 respectively at angles according to wavelengths of the beams in a plane parallel to a second direction perpendicular to the first direction; an optical system 6 that converts the first number of beams emitted from the dispersive element 5 to be parallel to an axis of the optical system; and an optical system 7 that deflects the first number of beams emitted from the optical system 6 to be emitted to the object space.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

The application discloses a modulation-insensitive dual-mode waveguide optical switch and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of planar optical waveguide devices. The switch is composed of a silicon wafer substrate, a polymer lower cladding layer, a polymer optical waveguide core layer and a polymer upper cladding layer from bottom to top, the polymer optical waveguide core layer is covered in the polymer upper cladding layer, and the refractive index of the polymer optical waveguide core layer is higher than that of the polymer upper cladding layer and the polymer lower cladding layer. The application utilizes the advantages of simple asymmetric directional coupling structure and asymmetric Y branch structure and the large thermal-optical coefficient of organic polymer materials, and realizes the modulation-insensitive switch of two signal optical modes through mode conversion by using the asymmetric Y branch when the heating electrode is modulated. The preparation process of the application is simple, only needs spin coating, photoetching and wet etching, effectively reduces the production cost, improves the production efficiency of the device, is favorable for large-scale batch production, and enables the mode signal optical switch to be applied to actual use.

The invention provides a tunable external cavity laser chip and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of lasers, the chip comprises a planar optical waveguide loop and a gain chip; a narrow-band transmission peak of a micro-ring resonator and an interference passband of a multi-channel interference module are preliminarily aligned through a phase shifter array and a first micro-ring phase shifter in a planar optical waveguide loop, and selection of a lasing working point is completed; and the common phase shifter and the second micro-ring phase shifter are used for cooperative driving, laser frequency sweeping is carried out on the basis of preliminary alignment, and accurate alignment of a narrow-band transmission peak and an external cavity longitudinal mode is maintained in the whole frequency sweeping process. Through cooperative driving of the common phase shifter and the micro-ring phase shifter, the sweep frequency bandwidth of the laser is increased, and frequent mode hopping of output laser in the tuning process is avoided; meanwhile, the periodic alignment reflection phenomenon in a reflection spectrum is avoided, the utilization rate of the gain interval of the semiconductor gain chip is greatly improved, and a larger tuning range is obtained under the condition that the quality of light beams is kept unchanged.

The application discloses a flexible planar light waveguide device and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of optoelectronic materials and devices. Technical points are as follows: the device provided by the application comprises a flexible substrate, a core layer and an upper cladding layer, and the core layer is a CuI film; a waveguide topological structure for optical signal transmission is formed on the substrate; the CuI film has a cubic zinc blende crystal structure; the average absorption rate of the CuI film in a 0.4-30 mu m wide spectral range is less than 10%; and the refractive index of the CuI film is 2.2-2.5. The transmittance attenuation of the CuI film is less than 2% after the CuI film is bent at a bending radius of 5 mm and is bent 5000 times, and the CuI film exhibits excellent flexibility and optical performance. The method is simple in process, low in cost and suitable for large-scale production. The application solves the problems of narrow light transmission range and poor flexibility of traditional optical waveguide materials, is suitable for flexible optoelectronic device applications in the visible light to mid-infrared waveband, and has a wide market prospect.

The invention discloses a vernier effect-based high-sensitivity polymer micro-ring temperature and humidity optical waveguide sensor, and belongs to the technical field of planar optical waveguide integrated devices. The polymer electrolyte consists of a substrate layer, a polymer lower cladding, a polymer grooving layer, a polymer electrolyte core layer and a polymer upper cladding. The polymer electrolyte core layer is of a runway type MRR cascaded optical waveguide structure and is composed of a reference ring, a temperature sensing ring and a humidity sensing ring, a polymer electrolyte core layer material can adsorb water molecules in air, the free ion concentration can change along with the change of humidity and temperature, and then the refractive index of the material changes; the temperature and humidity dual-mode sensing device overcomes the defects of integration level, sensitivity and interference resistance of an existing temperature and humidity sensing device, ultra-compact and ultra-high-sensitivity temperature and humidity dual-mode sensing is achieved, the optical waveguide device is made of polymer materials, and the temperature and humidity dual-mode sensing device has the remarkable advantages of being good in flexibility, simple in process, low in cost, high in efficiency and the like. The method is suitable for various scenes requiring precise environment control or real-time monitoring of tiny changes.

To provide systems and methods for mixed reality.SOLUTION: A virtual image generation system comprises: a planar optical waveguide having opposing first and second faces; an in-coupling (IC) element configured for optically coupling a collimated light beam from an image projection assembly into the planar optical waveguide as an in-coupled light beam; a first orthogonal pupil expansion (OPE) element associated with the first face of the planar optical waveguide for splitting the in-coupled light beam into a first set of orthogonal light beamlets; a second orthogonal pupil expansion (OPE) element associated with the second face of the planar optical waveguide for splitting the in-coupled light beam into a second set of orthogonal light beamlets; and an exit pupil expansion (EPE) element associated with the planar optical waveguide for splitting the first and second sets of orthogonal light beamlets into an array of out-coupled light beamlets that exit the planar optical waveguide.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 44

The invention belongs to the technical field of oil reservoir microorganisms, and particularly relates to a zoococcus strain and application thereof. The bacterial strain is a Planococcus sp. Bacterial strain WL-9, and is a new strain of the Planococcus sp. The strain is separated from an oil reservoir source, can reduce interfacial tension between crude oil and water, plays a role in emulsifying the crude oil, is good in oil reservoir adaptability, and can convert the crude oil into methane in an extreme environment of the oil reservoir and in the presence of CO2. The invention provides a new high-quality strain resource for microbial oil recovery, and has great significance for improving the oil recovery rate, reducing carbon emission by CCUS microbial carbon conversion and treating and repairing petroleum pollution.

The invention relates to a 2.5 D optical waveguide chip and a preparation method and an application device thereof, and belongs to the technical field of integrated photoelectron and optical fiber communication. Aiming at the technical problems that an existing 3D optical waveguide based on a laser direct writing process cannot be manufactured at a wafer level, the production efficiency is low and the cost is high, the invention provides a 2.5 D optical waveguide chip which comprises a substrate and at least two layers of planar optical waveguides which are isolated by a cladding material and each layer is limited to extend in a plane of the planar optical waveguide; the waveguide distribution of the light inlet end face of the chip is matched with the fiber core distribution of the target multi-core optical fiber for coupling alignment, the waveguides of the light outlet end face of the chip are distributed in a step shape, and the waveguides located on different layers have different heights so as to be coupled and aligned with the corresponding optical fiber array distributed in the step shape. The chip is suitable for wafer-level batch manufacturing and is mainly used for forming core optical devices such as a multi-core optical fiber fan-in and fan-out assembly, a multi-core optical fiber optical receiver and a multi-core optical fiber optical transmitter.

The invention discloses a high-speed electro-optical modulator based on a heterogeneous integrated waveguide and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of planar optical waveguide optical modulators and preparation thereof. The sensor is composed of a silicon substrate, a silicon dioxide oxide layer, a lead zirconate titanate flat plate layer, a polymer flat plate layer, a first grounding electrode, a signal electrode, a second grounding electrode and a polymer strip-shaped layer from bottom to top in sequence. The polymer strip-shaped layer and the polymer flat plate layer are made of the same material, and the refractive index of the polymer strip-shaped layer is lower than that of the lead zirconate titanate flat plate layer. The polymer flat plate layer prevents direct contact between lead zirconate titanate and the electrode, so that the loss of the modulator is greatly reduced. When an electric field is externally applied, the electric field is uniformly distributed between the signal electrode and the grounding electrode, and the thickness of the polymer flat plate layer and the size of the polymer strip-shaped layer are designed, so that more light fields are controlled in the lead zirconate titanate flat plate layer, and the electro-optical modulation efficiency is further improved. The manufacturing process is simplified, and the method has the advantages of low production cost, high efficiency and the like.

The application provides a device for two-dimensional spectrum spreading based on a planar optical waveguide. The device comprises: a light to be measured, a collimating system, an in-coupling grating, an out-coupling grating, a vertical grating, a waveguide and a detector, wherein the in-coupling grating and the out-coupling grating are symmetrically arranged inside the waveguide; the collimating system converts the light to be measured into parallel light; the parallel light enters the waveguide under the diffraction of the in-coupling grating and is transmitted inside the waveguide; the light is emitted from the waveguide under the action of an out-coupling grating with the same dispersion; a vertical grating in another direction is used to spread the light emitted from the waveguide in the vertical direction; the focused light reaches a light detector array to obtain a two-dimensional spectrum. The device combines the planar waveguide with the diffraction grating, maximally realizes the miniaturization of the spectrum, and can obtain high-resolution spectrum detection or a large spectrum detection range.

The invention discloses a multi-channel optical engine with a customizable optical spacing. The multi-channel optical engine comprises collimated light used for emitting collimated parallel light beams; the Z-BLOCK multiplexer / demultiplexer is located at the downstream of a light path of the collimated light and is used for processing the incident collimated parallel light and outputting four collimated light beams with different wavelengths; the converging lens or the lens array is located at the downstream of the light path of the Z-BLOCK multiplexer / demultiplexer and is used for converging and shaping the beam diameters of the four collimated lights; the planar optical waveguide chip is located at the downstream of an optical path of the converging lens or the lens array and is used for receiving the shaped four light beams and accurately controlling the distance between the input light beams through an optical waveguide by virtue of a waveguide structure of the planar optical waveguide chip; and the output light array is output from the planar optical waveguide chip to form a four-channel parallel light array with target spacing. The invention further discloses application of the multi-channel optical engine capable of being customized according to the optical distance to an optical module. According to the invention, the defect that the space micro-optics optical engine output light beam spacing is fixed and cannot be customized and adjusted in the prior art is overcome.

The invention discloses a multimode optical fiber PON (Passive Optical Network) system and a multimode PON optical module. The multimode optical fiber PON system consists of a multimode OLT (Optical Line Terminal) optical module, a multimode main optical fiber, a multimode optical splitter, a multimode branch optical fiber and a multimode ONU (Optical Network Unit) optical module, according to the multimode OLT optical module and the multimode ONU optical module, a laser, a laser driver, a detector, a transimpedance amplifier, a limiting amplifier and the like are directly mounted on a printed circuit board by adopting a planar optical waveguide assembly and a COB (Chip On Board) mode, so that photoelectric hybrid integrated packaging is realized, and the miniaturization design of the optical module is realized; the planar optical waveguide assembly realizes multiplexing transmission of two wavelength multimode laser beams through a 45-degree reflecting surface and a 45-degree placed multimode light splitting sheet structure; the welding type pin row connector ensures reliable fixation of the optical mode electrical interface, and the clamping jaw structure and the optical fiber contact pin of the multimode optical fiber assembly realize the anti-vibration pluggable optical interface design. The multimode optical fiber PON system provided by the invention meets the requirement of the system for point-to-multipoint optical fiber transmission in a short-distance range with low power consumption, low cost and high reliability.

The invention relates to a three-dimensional four-core fan-out optical waveguide structure and a manufacturing method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of integrated optics. Comprising a glass substrate, a first gradient three-dimensional optical waveguide, a second gradient three-dimensional optical waveguide, a first planar optical waveguide and a second planar optical waveguide, the left end of the first gradual change three-dimensional optical waveguide and the left end of the second gradual change three-dimensional optical waveguide are located under the left end of the first planar optical waveguide and the left end of the second planar optical waveguide respectively. The right end of the first gradual change three-dimensional optical waveguide and the right end of the second gradual change three-dimensional optical waveguide are located on the two sides of the same layer of the right end of the first planar optical waveguide and the right end of the second planar optical waveguide respectively. The vertical directions of the first gradual change three-dimensional optical waveguide and the second gradual change three-dimensional optical waveguide are gradually changed from the lower layer to the upper layer from left to right, and the horizontal distance is gradually increased; the first planar optical waveguide and the second planar optical waveguide are located on the upper layer, and the horizontal distance between the two is gradually increased from left to right.

Composite IC die structures comprising a first IC die that has a first region directly bonded to a second IC die across a hybrid-bond interface and a topographic feature extending from a second region of the first IC die. In some examples, a hybrid bond interface is fabricated prior to forming a topographic IC die feature. In other examples, a hybrid bond interface is fabricated after forming a topographic IC die feature. A PIC die comprising a planar optical waveguide further includes an optical coupler protruding from a region of the die. In another region of the PIC die metallization features are embedded with a dielectric material suitable for forming a hybrid bond with a surface of an EIC die. Scaling of the directly bonded interconnections between the PIC and EIC die may facilitate further disintegration of the optical and electrical domains within a heterogenous chip / chiplet assembly.

To achieve a light beam deflecting device that does not need to perform individual optical alignment for each of a plurality of observation visual fields.SOLUTION: A light beam deflecting device comprises: a planar optical waveguide circuit 3 that branches light emitted from a light source 1 into a first number of light beams, the first number being the same as the number of divided areas in a first direction in a target space, and emits the branched light beams from a predetermined emission position in the first direction so that the light beams are simultaneously radiated to the position of one pixel in a corresponding area; a first optical system 4 that converts the first number of light beams emitted from the planar optical waveguide circuit 3 into parallel light beams and emits the light beams at an emission angle corresponding to the predetermined emission position; and a second optical system 5 that reflects the first number of light beams emitted from the first optical system and radiates the reflected light beams to the target space.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

The embodiment of the invention discloses a test system for a planar optical waveguide circuit chip and an optical receiving component, the chip comprises a first beam splitter, a modulation unit, a second beam splitter and a beam combining unit, the first beam splitter is connected with the input end of the modulation unit and the input end of the second beam splitter, and the first beam splitter is connected with the input end of the modulation unit and the input end of the second beam splitter. The input end of the first beam splitter is used as the input end of the planar optical waveguide circuit chip; the output end of the modulation unit and the output end of the second beam splitter are connected with the input end of the beam combining unit, and the output end of the beam combining unit serves as the output end of the planar optical waveguide circuit chip. According to the embodiment of the invention, the first beam splitter, the modulation unit, the second beam splitter and the beam combining unit are integrated on the same planar optical waveguide circuit chip, so that the system structure is greatly simplified, the occupied area of equipment is reduced, the test stability and the comparability between channels are further remarkably improved, and finally, the test efficiency and the accuracy of a test result can be effectively improved.

The utility model provides a high-power laser assembly. The high-power laser assembly comprises a substrate, an aspheric lens, an optical chip and an optical fiber assembly. The aspheric lens, the optical chip and the optical fiber assembly are sequentially arranged on the same side surface of the substrate; the optical chip is provided with at least N planar optical wavelength export channels, and N is greater than or equal to 4; the optical fiber assembly is provided with a capillary hole through which at least one optical fiber can penetrate, the at least one optical fiber penetrates through the capillary hole and corresponds to the laser incident end of the optical chip, and the laser emergent end of the optical chip corresponds to the incident end of the aspheric lens; compared with a multi-channel coupler adopted at present, the optical chip is adopted to replace the multi-channel coupler, and different calibration positions are modulated, so that the cost of the high-power laser assembly is greatly reduced, mass production is facilitated, the manufacturing cost is reduced, and the laser transmission efficiency and stability of the high-power laser assembly are improved.

This light beam deflecting device comprises: a planar optical waveguide circuit (3) that branches light from a wavelength variable semiconductor laser (1) into a first number of light beams that is the same as the number of divided areas in a first direction, selects an emission position in the first direction of the branched light and emits the branched light such that the light beams are simultaneously emitted to the position of one pixel in the corresponding areas; a dispersion element (5) for deflecting the first number of light beams from the circuit (3) at an angle corresponding to the wavelength of the light in a plane parallel to a second direction orthogonal to the first direction; an optical system (6) for converting the first number of light beams from the element (5) so as to be parallel to the axis of the optical system; and an optical system (7) for deflecting the first number of light beams from the optical system (6) to irradiate a target space.

A lighting device for vehicles contains a flat optical waveguide, which has opposing flat sides and narrow sides connecting them, with numerous microstructure elements on a flat side of the optical waveguide. A number of light sources are positioned on one of the narrow sides of the optical waveguide, and a number of optical films are positioned on the light emission side of the optical waveguide. The optical films have an optical structure for deflecting light on the light emission side. At least one optical film on the side where the light enters has a structure for counteracting capillary effects.

A kind of planar optical waveguide adjustable optical brancher based on phase change material and dynamic adjustment method, belong to integrated photonics and optical communication field, it includes 1 × 2 Y type branch structure, Mach-Zehnder interferometer structure, directional coupler structure, each optical structure surface adds cover layer, each optical structure surface uses same method to handle: deposition SiO2 Lower cladding layer as bottom structure;SiO2 Lower cladding layer surface deposition ridge-shaped SiO2 Core layer, deposition SiO2 Upper cladding layer completes three-layer stack;And Mach-Zehnder interferometer structure and directional coupler structure area, its SiO2 Upper cladding layer surface successively deposits amorphous Sb2S3 phase change layer and Al2O3 Protective layer;And by laser selected area induction Mach-Zehnder interferometer structure right interference arm and the Sb2S3 layer phase transition of directional coupler structure right arm area connected with it form laser-induced crystalline Sb2S3 functional layer.The planar optical waveguide adjustable optical brancher designed by the application has the advantages of zero static power consumption, dynamic reconfigurable and strong process compatibility.

This invention relates to a highly symmetric, wide-bandwidth flexible arrayed waveguide grating chip for FBG demodulation systems, belonging to the field of planar optical waveguide device technology. It comprises a polymer flexible substrate, a polymer lower cladding, a polymer waveguide core, and a polymer upper cladding. The refractive indices of the polymer upper and lower cladding materials are lower than those of the polymer waveguide core material. The polymer waveguide core is an optical waveguide structure integrated from two AWG and two MMI units. This invention solves the defects of existing arrayed waveguide gratings in FBG demodulation systems, such as demodulation blind zones and unidirectional transmission. It achieves demodulation with a wide dynamic range and high resolution for reflected wavelengths and supports bidirectional signal input and output at both ports, improving system flexibility. Furthermore, the use of polymer materials to fabricate optical waveguide devices offers significant advantages over inorganic material systems, including better flexibility, simpler processing, lower cost, and higher efficiency, making it suitable for dynamic deformation environments or bio-integrated scenarios.

This light beam deflection device (100) comprises: a planar optical waveguide circuit (3) that causes light emitted from a light source (1) to branch into a first number of light that is the same as the number of divided areas in a first direction of a target space, and causes the branched light to be emitted from a predetermined emission position in the first direction such that the light is simultaneously emitted to the position of one pixel in the corresponding area; a first optical system (4) that converts the first number of light emitted from the planar optical waveguide circuit (3) into parallel light and emits the parallel light at an emission angle corresponding to a predetermined emission position; and a second optical system (5) that reflects the first number of light emitted from the first optical system (4) and irradiates the target space with the respective reflected light. The present invention makes it possible to provide a light beam deflection device which does not need to perform individual optical alignment for each of a plurality of observation visual fields.

The invention discloses a flexible planar optical waveguide device and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of optoelectronic materials and devices. The technical key points are as follows: the device provided by the invention comprises a flexible substrate, a core layer and an upper cladding layer, and is characterized in that the core layer is a CuI film, a waveguide topological structure for optical signal transmission is formed on the substrate, the waveguide topological structure has a cubic sphalerite crystalline structure, the average absorptivity is less than 10% in a wide spectrum range of 0.4-30 microns, and the refractive index is 2.2-2.5. When the bending radius of the CuI thin film is 5 mm and the CuI thin film is bent for 5000 times, the transmittance attenuation is less than 2%, and the CuI thin film shows excellent flexibility and optical performance. The method is simple in process, low in cost and suitable for large-scale production. The problems that a traditional optical waveguide material is narrow in light transmitting range and poor in flexibility are solved, and the material is suitable for flexible optoelectronic devices from visible light to middle and far infrared bands and has wide market prospects.

The optical device includes: a plurality of optical waveguides extending in a first direction and arranged in a second direction intersecting the first direction; and a planar optical waveguide directly or indirectly connected to the plurality of optical waveguides, the plurality of optical waveguides causing light to propagate along the first direction, the planar optical waveguide including: a first mirror and a second mirror facing each other and extending along the first direction and the second direction; and an optical waveguide layer located between the first mirror and the second mirror.

A multi-channel optical power divider based on an MMI structure and its fabrication method are disclosed, belonging to the field of planar optical waveguide devices and their fabrication technology. From bottom to top, it consists of a silicon substrate, a polymer lower cladding, a strip-shaped polymer waveguide core layer, and a polymer upper cladding. The strip-shaped polymer waveguide core layer is based on an MMI structure and is encased within the polymer upper cladding. This waveguide-type power divider combines the advantages of large process tolerance and small size of MMI optical waveguide structures with the advantage of a wide variety of organic polymer materials, achieving the goal of equal power distribution across multiple different input ports. Furthermore, the fabrication process using polymer materials is relatively simple, requiring only conventional processes such as spin coating and photolithography, without the need for more complex processes. Moreover, it boasts low production costs, high efficiency, and the ability to be mass-produced, making it a practically applicable power divider.

Provided is a compact optical amplifier in which the polarization dependent gain of an SOA can be eliminated and the number of optical components is small. Specifically, provided is an SOA-integrated optical amplifier circuit (200) comprising a planar lightwave circuit (201) and a plurality of semiconductor amplifiers (SOAs) (203, 205) integrated on the same substrate, the SOA-integrated optical amplification circuit (200) characterized by comprising a plurality of SOAs (203, 205) that amplify light, a polarization separation unit (207) that separates incident light into independent first light in a first mode and second light in a second mode, a first polarization rotation unit (203a) that converts the first mode of first light separated by the polarization separation unit (207) to the second mode, a second polarization rotation unit (203b) that converts the second mode of the first light amplified by the first SOA (203) to the first mode, and a polarization multiplexing unit (209) that multiplexes the amplified light.

The invention relates to the field of photonic devices, and discloses a spot-size conversion chip for photonic chip-optical fiber coupling, which comprises a substrate, a waveguide layer, a cladding, and a first waveguide array and a second waveguide array which are respectively arranged at two ends of the cladding, the cladding is positioned above the substrate and wraps the waveguide layer, and port sections of the cladding, the waveguide layer and the cladding are aligned; the waveguide layer comprises a plurality of waveguides prepared by femtosecond laser direct writing; the first waveguide array is matched with an optical fiber array, and optical coupling alignment is carried out on the first waveguide array and optical fibers in the optical fiber array; the second waveguide array is matched with a photon chip, and the waveguide in the second waveguide array is optically coupled with the waveguide in the photon chip. According to the invention, only the cladding layers of the planar optical waveguide chip and the silicon optical chip need to be etched, so that the waveguide structure on the silicon optical chip and the planar optical waveguide chip can generate evanescent wave coupling for optical signal transmission, and the mode is simpler and more convenient to operate than a section coupling mode and a grating coupling mode; and accurate angle control and section alignment are not needed.

An equivalent negative refractive index flat lens and a manufacturing method thereof, the method comprising the steps of: (1) forming reflective layers (20) on both opposing sides of a transparent substrate layer (10); (2) forming a protective layer (30) on each reflective layer (20); (3) forming a first bonding metal layer (40) on one of the protective layers (30) and a second bonding metal layer (50) on the other; and (4) stacking at least two flat optical waveguides along a first direction, and the first bonding metal layer (40) of each flat optical waveguide being bonded to an adjacent flat optical waveguide. The method includes a step (4) of contacting the second bonding metal layer (50) of the plate optical waveguide with heat and energization; a step (5) of taking two sets of multilayer planar optical waveguides, cutting one of the multilayer planar optical waveguides into a plurality of first striped planar optical waveguides and cutting the other into a plurality of second striped planar optical waveguides; and a step (6) of overlapping the first optical waveguide array (102) and the second optical waveguide array (103) along a first direction, and then adding protective window sheets (101, 104) on both sides.

A photovoltaic solar power plant assembly and a method of using the assembly to generate power are disclosed. The assembly includes an array of photovoltaic solar modules arranged in a solar module surface, and an optical structure for redirecting light towards the solar module surface, having redirected light emitting surface. The optical structure includes a planar optical waveguide which has a parallel first and second planar waveguide surfaces, wherein the first planar waveguide surface extends parallel to the redirected light emitting surface, wherein the first planar waveguide surface is at least partially covered by a photonic layer which is configured to provide an angular restriction of a light emission from the planar waveguide through the redirected light emitting surface, a light scattering and / or luminescent material, which material is arranged as particles in the planar optical waveguide and / or in a layer which at least partially covers the second planar waveguide surface.