The present disclosure relates to methods for detecting expression levels of one or more genes in a subject having or suspected of having a cancer and optionally treating the subject with an adenosine pathway antagonist (e.g., an adenosine A2A receptor (ADORA2A) antagonist) in combination with a PD-1 inhibitor and / or a PD-L1 inhibitor to treat the cancer. The genes comprise, but are not limited to, CD68, CD163, LBP, CCL2, CCL3,CCL7,CCL24,CCNE1,CD14,CD300E,CD86,CD93,CLEC5A, CSF3,CXCL1,CXCL2,CXCL3,CXCL5,CXCL6,CXCL8,DFNA5,ECEL1,EPB41L3,EHF,FUT7,GALM,GBP6,GPR157,HAS1,IL1A,IL-1beta,IL23,IL24,IL5,IL6,IL8,INHBA,LAP3,LAYN,LOC100505585,MRPL11,NID1,OST4,PADI2,PID1,PLAUR,PPBP,PTGS2,RHCG,SERPINB2,SLC11A1,SLC7A7,SPON1,ST6GALNAC2,TBX21,THBS1,C1R,C1S,C4BPA,CCL11,CCL20,CXCL16,CXCL2,HAMP,HSD11B1,ITGAM,LIF,SAA1,TFRC,TLR5,TNFSF14,TREM2,APP,ATG10,BCL2,CCL15,CD24,CD46,CD59,CREB5,CX3CL1,CXCL14,CYFIP2,DEFB1,DPP4,ECSIT,EPCAM,IFIT1,IGF1R,ITGA6,ITGB3,MAP2K4,MAPK1,MASP1,PPARG,RORC,SPA17,STAT5B,TOLLIP,AKT3,BMI1,CD164,CD34,CDH5,CREB1,DOCK9,ENG,HMGB1,ITGA1,JAM3,MAF,MAPK3,MAPK8,MCAM,MFGE8,NOTCH1,NRP1,PRKCE,SMAD2,TAL1, THY1, TNFSF12,TRAF6, TXNIP,VEGFA,S100A8 and / or WDR83OS.