53 results about "Intestinal Microbiome" patented technology

The present disclosure provides for characterization of normal flora and identifying biomarkers in the gut of healthy, neruotypical subjects. Aspect of the disclosure provide for the characterization of the gut microbiome in ADS subjects, characterized by reduced richness and significant loss of the ‘Prevotella-like enterotype’ compared to neurotypical subjects. The relative abundance of genera Prevotella, Coprococcus, Prevotellaceae and Veillonellaceae are significantly lower in autistic children than in neurotypical children. Further, Prevotella, is one of the three main classifiers for the human enterotypes, along with Bacteroides and Ruminococcus. These three core genera are among main contributors in the principle component analysis. ‘Prevotella-like enterotype’ was absent in the autistic group, while neurotypical samples showed an even distribution among the three enterotypes. The present disclosure provides for an understanding the association between gut microbiota, health, and disease states, and provides for potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets.

The present invention relates to the development of a targeted delivery system for the oral delivery of probiotics or therapeutic agent for various indications, including and not limited to active and prophylaxis treatment of Clostridium difficile infection, antibiotic associated diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome, Crohn's disease, intestinal flora replacement, supplemental flora treatments for patients taking antibiotics, and for restoration of balance and signaling between the intestinal microbiome and the intestinal cells in patients under treatment of metabolic syndrome manifestations, specifically diabetes, insulin resistance, obesity, hyperlipidemia and hypertension.

A method for reducing the likelihood of developing non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in an individual diagnosed with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease involves providing in the gut of an individual a population of beneficial bacteria selected from the group consisting of Lactobacillus species, and at least 6 grams per day of fiber to the individual to maintain a therapeutically effective amount of the beneficial bacteria in the gut of the individual. In certain embodiments, monoacylglycerolacyltransferase-3 (MGAT3) synthesis is inhibited to lower triacylglycerol (TAG) production, while in others, expression of diacylglycerolacyltransferase-2 (DGAT-2) is inhibited. The beneficial bacteria are preferably modified to produce increased amounts of butyrate and are also encapsulated in a frangible enclosure. Levels of Roseburia are preferably increased while the levels of Akkermansia spp. in the individual's gut microbiome are reduced.

The present invention relates to the development of a targeted delivery system for the oral delivery of probiotics or therapeutic agent for various indications, including and not limited to active and prophylaxis treatment of Clostridium difficile infection, antibiotic associated diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome, Crohn's disease, intestinal flora replacement, supplemental flora treatments for patients taking antibiotics, and for restoration of balance and signaling between the intestinal microbiome and the intestinal cells in patients under treatment of metabolic syndrome manifestations, specifically diabetes, insulin resistance, obesity, hyperlipidemia and hypertension.

A method for treating an individual suffering from one of bladder cancer and colorectal cancer employs a CRISPR system to selectively kill or reduce the numbers of pathogenic bacteria within the individual and the individual is then administered an immune checkpoint inhibitor. In particular embodiments, the pathogenic bacteria is one of E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella bacteria, and the checkpoint inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of nivolumab, pembrolizumab, pidilizumab, AMP-224, AMP-514, STI-A1110, TSR-042, RG-7446, BMS-936559, MEDI-4736, MSB-0020718C, AUR-012 and STI-A1010. Further embodiments include enhancing the growth of a second bacteria in the individual, such bacteria including Akkermansia, Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Clostridium, Enterococcus, Fusobacterium, Lactobacillus, Propionibacterium, Ruminococcus, Veillonella, Prevotella, Escherichia and Streptococcus. Still other embodiments include increasing the levels of Roseburia and / or Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, in the individual's gut microbiome.

The invention discloses a formula of probiotics for inhibiting pathogenic bacteria of colorectal cancer and a screening method thereof. The screening method of the probiotics comprises the following steps: finding the pathogenic bacteria of the colorectal cancer according to metagenome data and abundance of intestinal flora of normal people and colorectal cancer patients, then constructing an intestinal flora interaction network to screen the probiotics capable of inhibiting the pathogenic bacteria of the colorectal cancer, adjusting the proportion of the probiotics, and finally verifying. Theformula of the probiotics obtained by the method is shown in the specification, wherein the content of the clostridium butyricum is 1.3*10 <10> CFU / ml; the content of enterococcus faecalis is 1*10 <9> CFU / ml, the content of lactobacillus brevis is 1*10<9> CFU / ml, the content of lactobacillus plantarum is 1*10 <9> CFU / ml, the content of lactobacillus rhamnosus is 1*10 <9> CFU / ml, the content of lactobacillus sake is 1*10 <9> CFU / ml and the content of leuconostoc mesenteroides is 1*10 <9> CFU / ml. The method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that (1) an intestinal flora interaction network is constructed, so that the screened probiotic formula can be better colonized in intestinal tracts; (2) the obtained probiotic formula does not generate drug resistance, and is safe, effectiveand excellent in performance; and (3) an online warehouse database of human intestinal microbiome is constructed, so that the result is more universal and reliable.

The present invention relates to a method for preparing oligosaccharides which can be used among others as food additives to reduce calorie content, to sweeten food products, to increase the fiber content of food products, to improve the texture of food products and to stimulate the gut microbiome bacteria. Furthermore they can be applied in the fields of animal feed, or other applications. More particularly, this invention is directed to a high temperature hydrolysis of xyloglucan polysaccharide to defined xyloglucan oligosaccharides. The invention further relates to oligosaccharide hydrolysates produced with the method of the invention and to the use of said oligosaccharide hydrolysates in human and / or animal nutrition, as prebiotic or other uses. Further provided are novel endoglucanases for use in the method of the invention as well as in other applications.

A method of analyzing the likelihood of weight regain in a subject who has reached a target weight by practicing a weight loss program is disclosed. The method comprises determining an amount or presence of at least one microbe and / or product thereof in the gut microbiome of the subject, wherein the amount of the at least one microbe is altered during a prior weight gain period of the subject to reach a level representative of an obese subject and further wherein the amount of the at least one microbe is retained at the level following the weight loss program, wherein the amount or presence of the at least one microbe or product thereof is predictive of weight regain.

A method to detect liver fibrosis or for the differential diagnosis of non-alchohlic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in a subject is provided. The method comprises analyzing a biological sample from a subject to determine an intestinal microbiome signature for the subject, and inspecting the intestinal microbiome signature relative to a reference intestinal microbiome signature to detect presence or absence of liver fibrosis.

The invention relates to new application of schisandra chinensis total polysaccharide in preparation of medicines or health products for treating inflammatory bowel diseases, in particular to new application in preparation of medicines or health products for treating ulcerative colitis (UC), Crohn disease (CD) and acute and chronic intestinal diseases. Experiments show that the schisandra chinensis total polysaccharide can significantly improve inflammatory injury of colon, reduce spleen indexes, increase thymus indexes, effectively reduce the contents (activity) of MPO, NO, MDA and ROS in thecolons, and increase the contents of GSH and SOD at the same time. Meanwhile, the schisandra chinensis polysaccharide regulates the composition and diversity of intestinal microorganisms of colitis mice, obviously improves the relative abundance of Finnicutes, sugar bacteria, Enterorhabdus and the like, reduces the relative abundance of intestinal bacteria such as Firmicutes, Turicibacter and Akkermansia, remarkably increases the contents of propionic acid, butyric acid and isobutyric acid in the colon, and it is prompted that the schisandra chinensis total polysaccharide can be used for preparing medicines for treating or improving inflammatory bowel diseases.

The present invention aims to prevent and / or treat health-related conditions in infants born with a non-optimal intestinal microbiome, by providing specific probiotic lactic acid bacterial strains to the pregnant mother. This will enable early colonization of the infant gut, even before birth, and thus prevent and / or treat health-related conditions associated with non-optimal microbiome. Thus, the present invention provides a probiotic microorganism for use in the treatment of a fetus or neonate, wherein said probiotic microorganism is administered to the oral cavity of a pregnant female in a formulation suitable to colonize the oral cavity, wherein said probiotic microorganism is thereby administered to the fetus. The methods and uses of the invention can also provide for the colonization of a fetus or neonate or for shifting the microbiome of a fetus or neonate

A microfluidic device is directed to sustaining a complex microbial community in direct and indirect contact with living human intestinal cells in vitro. The device includes a first microchannel having cultured cells of a human intestinal epithelium and microbiota, the first microchannel further having a first level of oxygen. The device further includes a second microchannel having cultured cells of a vascular endothelium, the second microchannel further having a second level of oxygen. The device also includes a membrane located at an interface region between the first microchannel and the second microchannel, the membrane being composed of an oxygen-permeable material or further having pores via which oxygen flows between the first microchannel and the second microchannel to form a physiologically-relevant oxygen gradient.

A person's intestinal (gut), oral or skin microbiota is modified using specific combinations of pre-biotics, pro-biotics and / or anti-biotics to establish a defined microbiota that can treat and / or reduce the likelihood that individuals will experience various diseases, including cancer. The employment of various bacteria, whether in particular combinations or after being modified using CRISPR-type systems, leads to improved outcomes when checkpoint inhibitors are used to treat various forms of cancer. One embodiment is directed to a method for reducing the likelihood of developing cancer by providing in the gut of an individual a population of beneficial bacteria selected from the group consisting of Lactobacillus species. The level of Roseburia and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and / or Akkermansia muciniphila bacteria are increased in the individual's gut microbiome such that when an individual is administered an immune checkpoint inhibitor, its function is enhanced due to the presence of the bacterial population.

The present invention provides a hard capsule comprising an outer and one inner capsule, wherein the outer capsule comprises a hydrophobic liquid and the inner capsule which comprises a composition comprising uncoated microorganisms and optionally at least one desiccant. The composition may comprise a filtrate composed of viable fecal bacteria useful forfecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) or a mixture of one or more different types of microorganisms isolated from intestinal microbiome, such as bacteria, archaea, virus, or fungi such as yeast. The composition may comprise a desiccant, preferably a food approved component which is degradable in the gastrointestinal tract. The hydrophobic liquid, if present, is preferably at least one edible oil. Also provided are methods of treating or preventing a dysbiosis in a human subject, comprising administering to the human subject at least one capsule of the invention.

A person's intestinal (gut), oral or skin microbiota is modified using specific combinations of pre-biotics, pro-biotics and / or anti-biotics to establish a defined microbiota that can treat and / or reduce the likelihood that individuals will experience various diseases, including cancer. The employment of various bacteria, whether in particular combinations or after being modified using CRISPR-type systems, leads to improved outcomes when checkpoint inhibitors are used to treat various forms of cancer. One embodiment is directed to a method for reducing the likelihood of developing cancer by providing in the gut of an individual a population of beneficial bacteria selected from the group consisting of Lactobacillus species. The level of Roseburia and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and / or Akkermansia muciniphila bacteria are increased in the individual's gut microbiome such that when an individual is administered an immune checkpoint inhibitor, its function is enhanced due to the presence of the bacterial population.

The invention relates to a method of transplanting healthy fish intestinal feces and treating ill fishes. The method comprises the steps of S1, collecting healthy fish intestinal feces, adding the collected feces into stroke-physiological saline solution for dissolution, stirring the solution evenly, filtering the solution, placing the filtered healthy feces bacteria fluid into a vessel, S2, adding filter-feeding fishes in the vessel, wherein the mass of each fish is about 50 g, the adding quantity is 10-20 fishes per cubic meter of water body; supplementing oxygen into the water to keep the filter-feeding fishes alive, breeding the filter-feeding fishes in the vessel for 10-20 days continuously, S3, adding fishes inflicted with intestinal bacterial diseases into the vessel based on the quantity of 5-10 fishes per cubic meter of water body, and breeding for 10-20 days. According to the method of transplanting healthy fish intestinal feces and treating ill fishes, the transplantation of health fish intestinal bacteria can improve intestinal microbiome of the ill fishes, the survival rate of the ill fishes are obviously increased, and therefore the method is applicable for large scale application.

Compositions for affecting the intestinal microbiome of a mammalian subject can include a pharmaceutically-acceptable carrier and greater than or equal to 1*104 PFU / mL or PFU / mg of bacteriophage having a tropism that includes an obesogenic and / or inflammatory bacterium associated with an intestinal microbiome of a mammal. Processes for preparing the disclosed compositions can include isolating thebacteriophage from an environmental source, characterizing the bacteriophage, and combining the bacteriophage with the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier at greater than or equal to1*104 PFU / mL or PFU / mg. Methods can include administering the disclosed compositions to a mammalian subject with or without co-administration of the disclosed probiotics. Administering the disclosed compositions can reduce a concentration of obesogenic and / or inflammatory bacteria in the intestinal microbiome of the mammalian subject, promote or induce weight loss, reduce inflammation, support metabolic health, and / or support a healthy balance / diversity within the intestinal microbiome of the mammalian subject.

The present invention relates to a relationship between microbial metagenomic structure and function and clinical remission with anti-integrin therapy induction; longitudinal trajectory of changes in the microbiome with maintenance treatment; and a comprehensive predictive model incorporating clinical and microbiome-related data to accurately classify treatment response.

The present invention relates generally to compositions and methods for enhancing the efficacy of immunotherapy and vaccines. In particular, the present invention relates to increasing the richness and diversity of the gut microbiome of a subject by administering an agent (e.g., a prebiotic agent comprising fibers (e.g., epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), fucoidin, potato starch, fructo-oligosaccharide and synanthrin)) (e.g., melatonin) with an immunotherapy or vaccine. Such compositions and methods are useful for the treatment of cancer, infectious pathogens, autoimmune diseases, neurological disorders, and / or obesity.

The present invention aims to prevent and / or treat health-related conditions in infants born with a non-optimal intestinal microbiome, by providing specific probiotic lactic acid bacterial strains to the pregnant mother. This will enable early colonization of the infant gut, even before birth, and thus prevent and / or treat health-related conditions associated with non- optimal microbiome. Thus, the present invention provides a probiotic microorganism for use in the treatment of a fetus or neonate, wherein said probiotic microorganism is administered to the oral cavity of a pregnant female in a formulation suitable to colonize the oral cavity, wherein said probiotic microorganism is thereby administered to the fetus. The methods and uses of the invention can also provide for the colonization of a fetus or neonate or for shifting the microbiome of a fetus or neonate.

Proposed is an intestinal microbiome-improving composition containing ellagic acid as an active ingredient. The ellagic acid inhibits the growth of harmful bacteria such as Verrucomicrobia and Bacteroidetes attributable to alcohol intake and increases the growth of beneficial bacteria such as Firmicutes, thereby controlling intestinal microbes. As a result, the ellagic acid exhibits the effect of inhibiting an increase in a plasma endotoxin level, an increase in an intestinal TNF-α level, an increase in intestinal oxidative stress, a decrease in expression of intestinal TJ and AJ proteins, liver fat accumulation, an increase in plasma ALT, an increase in triglycerides, and hepatic oxidative stress and apoptosis. The composition containing ellagic acid as an active ingredient is provided as an intestinal microbe-improving composition and a preventive and therapeutic preparation for alcoholic fatty liver.

Embodiments of this invention include systems and methods for developing individualized dietary and health improvement plans based on an individual's intestinal microbiome and digestive activity. More particularly, the invention is related to a system providing a hydrogen and / or methane sensor device and a wireless platform in communication with the sensor device to periodically analyze the individual's metabolic activity in correlation with their gut microbiome and a personal database to provide personalized feedback to the individual of treatment plans and general techniques that can be used to improve the individual's general health and well being. The systems and methods further include a system for analyzing the hydrogen and / or methane levels in the individual's exhalations or flatulence in light of the individual's intestinal microbiome. This analysis uses bioinformatics to relate alterations in hydrogen and / or methane levels to the individual's intestinal microbiome and personal diet and tolerances / intolerances to identify and communicate real time dietary suggestions and general dietary and health treatment plans. The relationship of the bioinformatics and alterations in hydrogen and / or methane levels is also used to infer drug effectiveness. Such general dietary guidance, health treatment plans, and drug effectiveness contribute to an overall improvement in a person's general health and well being.

This invention relates, in part, to various compositions and methods for protecting the gastrointestinal microbiome from antibiotic disruption.

Disclosed is a composition comprising a microbe expressing ferritin. The composition also comprises elemental iron in an amount of at least 3% by weight on a dry matter basis of the microbe expressingferritin and the elemental iron. Also disclosed are ingestibles, dietary supplements, and pharmaceutical compositions comprising the composition. Also disclosed are methods for treating a subject comprising administering the composition to the subject. Also disclosed are methods of altering the composition of the gut bacterial microbiome in a subject, the method comprising administering the composition to the subject.

The invention relates to Bifidobacterium lactis. The Bifidobacterium lactis is Bifidobacterium lactis BL-11 of which the collection number is CGMCC No.20847. The Bifidobacterium lactis provided by the invention can eliminate intestinal tract metabolic disorders and can cause the composition of an intestinal tract microbiome to be normalized so as to effectively improve height, inhibit obesity and accelerate the growth and development as well as intellectual development of children and adolescents.

This invention relates generally to compositions and methods for increasing the efficacy of immunotherapies and vaccines. In particular, the present invention relates to elevating the richness and diversity of a subject's gut microbiome through administration of an agent (e.g., fiber containing prebiotic agent (e.g., epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), fucoidan, potato starch, oligofructose and inulin)) (e.g., melatonin) with an immunotherapy or vaccine. Such compositions and methods are useful for treating cancer, infectious pathogens, autoimmune diseases, neurological disorders, and / or obesity.

The invention discloses an enteric microorganism combination and an application thereof as a systemic lupus erythematosus marker. Particularly, 16s rRNA sequencing is carried out on enteric microorganism samples from systemic lupus erythematosus individuals and healthy individuals to determine Sporobacter, Butyricimonas and Phascolarctobacterium which have level difference in SLE patients, and the relationship between the level difference and the SLE is defined. The enteric microorganisms with the level difference can be used as markers of the SLE.

This invention relates, in part, to various compositions and methods for protecting the gastrointestinal microbiome from antibiotic disruption.