The invention relates to a marine complex environment dynamic high-precision optical joint imaging method and system, and solves problems of a low image resolution and imaging distortion caused by factors such as backward scattering, forward scattering, turbulence, motion smear and the like in an existing marine imaging technology. The system comprises an LED pulse light source, a transmitting optical unit, a polarizer, a target object, a receiving optical unit, an optical stochastic resonance unit, a focal dividing plane polarization imaging unit 7, a focal dividing plane polarization imagingdetector and a synchronous control unit, wherein the transmitting optical unit and the polarizer are located on an output light path of the pulse light source, and the receiving optical unit, the optical stochastic resonance unit, the focal dividing plane polarization imaging unit and the focal dividing plane polarization imaging detector are located on a transmission light path of a return lightbeam after an ocean underwater target object is imaged by a detection light beam.