Theinvention relates to a supported catalyst for synthesizing 2,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxypropanal. The supported catalyst is characterized by comprising active components and a carrier, wherein the activecomponents comprise one or more of alkali metal hydroxide, carbonate and fluoride, the carrier is Gamma-Al2O3, and with carrier mass as a reference, the load amount of the active components accounts for 0.5-20% of the weight of the carrier. A certain molar ratio of formaldehyde and isobutyraldehyde are used as the raw material, the supported catalyst for synthesizing 2,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxypropanalis adopted, the reaction is conducted through a continuation method, the operations are simple, the reaction conditions are mild, the reaction temperature is low, less energy is consumed, the conversion rate and selectivity are adjustable, and industrial requirements on preparation and synthesis of 2,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxypropanal with formaldehyde and isobutyraldehyde are met.