The invention belongs to the technical field of electronic power, and particularly relates to a hardware protection circuit of a multi-
cascade power
system and a fault
response method, and the circuit comprises a main controller, a plurality of fault
signal generation branches, a public hardware fault
bus and a plurality of isolation control branches. Each isolation control
branch is composed of an
optical coupling isolator and a switch tube, receives a fault
signal of the corresponding
subunit, and drives a common fault
bus level to change. And the main controller detects the
bus state in real time through hardware interruption, and directly triggers a protection action. Through hardware
interconnection and
electrical isolation design,
microsecond-level fault response under a multi-level
system is achieved, the defects that a traditional
software protection mode is high in
delay, and ground potentials among multiple levels are inconsistent and difficult to isolate are overcome, and the reliability and safety of a complex power
system are remarkably improved.