The invention discloses a behavior identification system based on sub-action perception and a work method thereof. The system comprises a wearable terminal used for acquiring inertia sensor data, if the wearable terminal has sufficient local processing capability, a behavior identification algorithm based on sub-action perception operates, action of a user is identified, if the wearable terminal has insufficient local processing capability, data is forwarded to a cloud processing server for processing; communication equipment used for processing information transmission between the wearable terminal and the cloud processing server, and the cloud processing server used for acquiring the inertia sensor data acquired by the wearable terminal in real time, the behavior identification algorithm based on sub-action perception operates, and user action is identified. The method is advantaged in that accuracy generally does not decrease when action of a new user is identified, problems caused by customized user action can be excellently solved, required training data is small, training cost is small, an identification speed is fast, calculation is simple, and cost is low.