The invention relates to a satellite constellation system for solar burst-near-earth space environment response detection, which comprises three or more satellites, the three satellites are respectively distributed on two non-coplanar and heteroid sun-synchronous orbits, each satellite further comprises an integrated electronic computer, a sun observation load and a near-earth space environment detection load, both the sun observation load and the near-earth space environment detection load are connected with the integrated electronic computer, the integrated electronic computers directly communicate with a ground station on the earth, and moreover, the integrated electronic computers of the three satellites are self-networked for communication. The satellite constellation system can be used for observing solar burst activities and the causal response of the near-earth space environment at the same time, is applicable to the integrative research of solar activity-near-earth space environment change, and has the advantages of multi-satellite networking, different-orbit and heterogeneous distribution, broad wave band, multiple layers, causal chain observation and low cost.