The invention discloses a testing device for rock three-axis external pressure and hole internal hydraulic pressure coupling loading and unloading. The testing device is composed of a base, a confining pressure loading and unloading system, a hole internal hydraulic pressure loading and unloading system and an axial pressure loading and unloading system. The confining pressure loading and unloading system comprises a pressure chamber, a confining pressure bag, a protection tire, an oil inlet and outlet channel and a confining pressure electro-hydraulic servo system. The hole internal pressure loading and unloading system comprises an inner pressure bag, an upper sealing member, a lower sealing member, an upper L-shaped elbow, a lower L-shaped elbow, an upper cover plate, a lower cover plate and an internal pressure electro-hydraulic servo system. The axial pressure loading and unloading system comprises a loading block, a piston rod, an oil cylinder, an upper oil cavity channel, a lower oil cavity channel and an axial pressure electro-hydraulic servo system. The testing device is compact in structure, and all functions are independent and collaborative; different non-uniform radial stress fields and different non-uniform tangential stress fields, all of which are distributed in the circumferential direction can be constructed by adjusting the different confining pressure and internal pressure combinations, and linear and nonlinear radial unloading and tangential loading stress paths at points on the non-uniform stress fields in a rock sample can be achieved by adjusting the unloading rate of the internal pressure in a servo mode.