The invention provides a tool box and a kit for rapid extraction of nucleic acid, and a method for rapid extraction of nucleic acid, which are mainly used for rapidly extracting nucleic acid (including RNA and DNA) from various clinical samples. According to the invention, a nucleic acid extraction device and a reagent are combined as an integrative device which mainly comprises an injection syringe, a hollow adaptor, a nucleic acid adsorbed film tube, a sample adding needle, various pipes for accommodating different reagents, a pipe frame and other parts; a pure nucleic acid solution for downstream experiments can be obtained through the following steps of lysis treatment on a clinical sample, suction by the injection syringe, adsorption of nucleic acid by a nucleic acid adsorbed film, rinse of the nucleic acid adsorbed film with a rinse liquid, elution of nucleic acid with an eluant, and the like.