The invention relates to a vehicle air conditioner refrigerant filling volume calibration method and a system; the method comprises an environment simulation step, a working condition selection step, a data acquisition step and a best filling volume determination step; in the environmental simulation step, an actual environment in which a vehicle runs is simulated; in the working condition selection step, an initial amount of refrigerant is filled into an air-conditioning compressor, so that the vehicle runs in different working conditions, and a working condition with the highest pressure ofa high-pressure end of the air-conditioning compressor is selected as the running condition for vehicle testing; in the data acquisition step, the vehicle runs in the working condition with the highest pressure of the high-pressure end of the compressor, a preset amount of refrigerant is filled into the compressor at preset intervals, and the pressure of the high-pressure end of the compressor, the average temperature of an air outlet and the refrigerant filling volume data are respectively acquired; and in the best filling volume determination step, according to a graph obtained from the pressure of the high-pressure end of the compressor, the average temperature of the air outlet and the refrigerant filling volume data, the refrigerant filling volume which corresponds to the lowest point of the average temperature change curve of the air outlet is determined, and the filling volume is determined to be the best filling volume. The invention can shorten a calibration cycle, and the precision is higher.