The invention discloses a variable-parameter crank shaft corrective polishing method and a device. The variable-parameter crank shaft corrective polishing device comprises a machine tool which drives a crank shaft to rotate, a servo holding device and two polishing pressure heads, wherein each polishing pressure head comprises a base seat, at least two polishing air bags which are fixedly connected in the base seat and a pressurization air bag. The pressurization air bag is located between the polishing air bags, outer ends of the air bags are all located outside the self base seat and are arranged in an arc shape, the outer end faces of the outer ends are all in arc shapes, the base seats are both fixedly connected with abrasive belts, the polishing air bags are connected with a polishing air source, and the pressurization air bags are connected with the polishing air source and a corrective air source through an automatic control valve on external pipelines. A roundness detection sensor is further arranged on the servo holding device or the two polishing pressure heads, the machine tool is provided with a rotation speed sensor, and the auto control valve, the roundness detection sensor and the rotation speed sensor are all connected with an industrial control machine. According to the variable-parameter crank shaft corrective polishing method and the device, not only can the roundness error of a shaft neck of the crank shaft be accurately corrected and polished, but also a crank shaft neck round angle and two side faces of a thrust shaft neck can be polished, and the machining efficiency is high.