The invention relates to granular silicon dioxide electrolyte and a storage battery. The granular silicon dioxide electrolyte comprises the following raw materials by weight percent: 3.0 to 5.0 percent of SiO2, 1.2 to 1.8 percent of Na2SO4, 42 to 45 percent of H2SO4, 0.08 to 0.12 percent of SnSO4, 0.1 to 0.3 percent of fluorine-containing resin, 0.5 to 1.2 percent of methyl polyethylene glycol, 0.08 to 0.12 percent of carboxymethylcellulose and 46 to 53 percent of self-made pure water. Compared with the prior art, the electrolyte is formed by compounding SiO2 particles in different particle size ranges and a 1.35g/mL sulfuric acid aqueous solution, so that the thermal runaway phenomenon of the battery can be effectively prevented, and the capacity for absorbing foreign ions in the electrolyte is relatively good; current distribution on the surface of an electrode is uniform; by adopting a thin polar plate technology, the quantity of positive and negative polar plates is increased, the thickness of the negative polar plate on the outermost side is reduced, the utilization rate of battery active substances is increased, the tight assembling of the battery is realized, and the softening and dropping of positive polar plate active substances can be slowed down.