The invention discloses a preparation method of a double-surface concave-convex bamboo fiber fabric, comprising the following steps: beaming, slashing, reeding and jacquard-interweaving, wherein in the process of jacquard-interweaving, the warp yarns account for 45-55% and the weft yarns account for 55-45%; and the warp yarns and the weft yarns are respectively bamboo fibers and polyester fibers. In comparison with the prior art, the core filling warp or core filling weft is added between the surface and inner wefts or between the surface and inner warps or between the surface and inner layers of the fabric, so that the fabric is thick and elastic, and the patterns, if quilted on the fabric, are permanently embossed, so the fabric is thick and decorative; by a remarkable difference of different materials as well as weft and warp yarns differing in thickness in shrinkage performance, a plastic effect is formed, and an original and unique double-surface concave-convex effect is guaranteed; the fabric is strong in three-dimensional sense, softer in touch and more friendly to the skin, and the fabric provides a more comfortable sleep microenvironment for the users; therefore, the purpose of the invention is achieved.