A dust collection barrel provided with a speed-changing compressed structure comprises a bottom cover connected at the bottom end of a barrel body, a baffle, a compressed plate and a connecting shaft driving the compressed plate to rotate, wherein the baffle and the compressed plate are arranged inside the barrel body, and a high-speed gear, a low-speed gear and a speed regulating knob which is connected with the high-speed gear and the low-speed gear are arranged on the lower side of the bottom cover. According to the dust collection barrel provided with the speed-changing compressed structure, the high-speed gear, the low-speed gear and the speed regulating knob which is connected with the high-speed gear and the low-speed gear are arranged at the bottom of the dust collection barrel. The speed regulating knob is rotated, the gears driving the compressed plate are switched, and the rotating speed of the compressed plate is changed. A user can regulate the rotating speed of the compressed plate of the dust collection barrel according to actual needs of a dust collector and types of inhaled dust. For example, if large and hard dust is needed to be inhaled, the speed is regulated to be slow, and when floccus soft dust is needed to be inhaled, the speed is regulated to be fast. Therefore, compressing efficiency of the dust collector is ensured, and service life of the compressed plate is prolonged.