The invention discloses a signal dedrying method based on time-frequency analysis. The method comprises the steps that 1, a to-be-processed signal is synchronously stored; 2, signal dedrying is conducted, wherein data processing equipment is adopted for dedrying the to-be-processed signal f(t), the process comprises the substeps that 201, signal sparse decomposition based on an optimization algorithm is conducted; when the data processing equipment is adopted for seeking psirn(t), and the time-frequency parameter rn is sought through the following processes of C1, time-frequency parameter optimization; C2, optimal time-frequency parameter determination; 202, signal reconstruction is conducted. The method is simple in step, reasonable in design, convenient to implement and good use effect,a signal sparse decomposition method based on the optimization algorithm is adopted for seeking the optimal matching atom, and meanwhile a fitness value and sparsity are combined for determining the optimal matching atom; the signal dedrying speed can be greatly increased, the dedrying effect can be effectively improved, and the accuracy of the signal obtained after dedrying is guaranteed.