168results about How to "Guaranteed true state" patented technology

A very high-aperture, purely refractive projection objective having a multiplicity of optical elements has a system diaphragm (5) arranged at a spacing in front of the image plane. The optical element next to the image plane (3) of the projection objective is a planoconvex lens (34) having a substantially spherical entrance surface and a substantially flat exit surface. The planoconvex lens has a diameter that is at least 50% of the diaphragm diameter of the system diaphragm (5). It is preferred to arrange only positive lenses (32, 33, 34) between the system diaphragm (5) and image plane (3). The optical system permits imaging in the case of very high apertures of NA≧0.85, if appropriate of NA≧1.

A vertical component is extracted from an acceleration vector corresponding to body movement of a user from a three-axis acceleration sensor, and the vertical-component is separated by a high-band / low-band separating unit into a high-band component and a low-band component. Using these components, a peak detection / determination processing unit detects a peak-position candidate of action of the user in the vertical direction, identifies a peak-position candidate on the basis of an energy ratio between the high-band component and the low-band component, performs waveform matching regarding a predetermined range including each peak-position candidate, thereby determining a peak position, and detects body movement on the basis of the peak position, and a step-position analyzing unit detects a body-movement pitch.

A battery system includes a battery module that is constituted with a plurality of serially connected battery cells, a plurality of integrated circuits that group the battery cells by a plurality thereof so as to perform processing on battery cells in each group, a first transmission path through which a command signal is transmitted via a first insulating circuit from a higher-order control circuit that controls the plurality of integrated circuits to a highest-order integrated circuit of the integrated circuit, a second transmission path through which a data signal collected by the plurality of integrated circuits is transmitted from the highest-order integrated circuit to a lowest-order integrated circuit, and a third transmission path through which the data signal is transmitted from the lowest-order integrated circuit to the higher-order control circuit via a second insulating circuit.

Prior to the polishing of the wafer 4, a reflective body which has the same shape and dimensions as the wafer 4 is held on the polishing head 2 instead of the wafer 4. A polishing agent 5 is interposed between the window 15 of the polishing head 13 and the reflective body, and the reflective body is pressed against the polishing pad 13 with the same pressure as that applied during the polishing of the wafer 4. In this state, the reflective body is irradiated via the window 15 with a probe light emitted from the light source 31, and the spectroscopic intensity of the reflected light is obtained from the sensor 43 as a reference spectrum. During the polishing of the wafer 4, the spectroscopic intensity of the reflected light from the wafer 4 is successively obtained as measured spectra from sensor 43; the intensity ratio of these measured spectra to the above-mentioned reference spectrum is determined, and the polishing state of the wafer 4 is monitored on the basis of this intensity ratio.

The present invention can speedily and accurately estimate an SOC of a secondary battery immediately after a charge / discharge operation resumes. A determination unit determines whether a dormant period is longer than a predetermined time in response to an initiation of power supply from a secondary battery to a motor generator. The dormant period is equivalent to the duration from a previous stop of power supply to a present initiation of power supply. If the dormant period is longer than the predetermined time, a state-of-charge estimating unit sets an initial SOC based on a peak battery voltage drop ΔVs and a peak discharge current Is, wherein the peak battery voltage drop ΔVs represents a difference between a battery voltage Vo measured before initiating power supply and a lowest battery voltage Vs measured after initiating power supply and the peak discharge current Is represents a maximum current value measured after initiating power supply. The state-of-charge estimating unit estimates a state of charge of the secondary battery 30 based on the initial SOC as a value effective immediately after initiating power supply.

Methods are described for determining the state of charge and / or the operability of a charge accumulator using estimates. The information, which is obtained at a least two different operating points or operating conditions of the energy accumulator, is taken into account in the estimates. The estimates are carried out with regard to an instantaneous and / or future state of charge and / or an instantaneous and / or future operability of the charge accumulator. Different methods are executed, depending on the operating point or operating condition. The methods may be run in a processor of a control unit.

A method of estimating a state of charge of a battery, a method of estimating an open circuit voltage of a battery, and a method and device for computing a degradation degree of a battery are provided. As a degradation degree, a ratio of a total electrical quantity chargeable or dischargeable of a battery at any time point to an initial electrical quantity that is a total electrical quantity chargeable or dischargeable of the battery upon non-degradation is computed, and by using the degradation degree, a state of charge or an open circuit voltage of the battery is accurately estimated.

A sleep state of a subject is estimated from respiration signals that are readily detected without restraining the subject. From a voltage waveform based on respiratory movement of a person, positive peak values and the (time) interval between adjacent peaks are calculated. Also obtained is the area of a region that is enclosed by the voltage waveform and a time axis between peaks, and the average value and dispersion value of the obtained inter-peak areas are calculated. The calculated values are used to set a preliminary sleep state value for a given period, and sleep state values over plural periods are factored in to estimate a sleep state at a given time point.

One embodiment is a microprobe. An example of the microprobe comprises a housing having an aperture. This example of the microprobe also comprises an ISFET attached to the housing. The ISFET may have a gate located proximate the aperture. This example of the microprobe further comprises a reference electrode attached to the housing proximate the aperture. Another embodiment is a microsensor system. Another embodiment is a method for measuring a characteristic of tissue. Yet another embodiment is a method for monitoring tissue pH.

An estimation apparatus estimates a state of a vehicle located in a frontward field. Positional coordinates of a plurality of positions on an object are measured by radiating radar waves toward the frontward field and receiving reflected radar waves from an object in the frontward field. A position, direction and size of a graphical pattern are obtained by approximating the graphical pattern into a profile pattern of the object. The graphical pattern is modeled as a profile of a vehicle. A direction and size of the graphical pattern are unknown. The profile pattern is expressed by the positional coordinates. As the state of the vehicle located ahead, a position of the vehicle, a direction of the vehicle, and one of a whole length and a whole width of the vehicle are estimated based on the position, the direction, and the size of the graphical pattern.

A three-dimensional array especially adapted for memory elements that reversibly change a level of electrical conductance in response to a voltage difference being applied across them. Memory elements are formed across a plurality of planes positioned different distances above a semiconductor substrate. A two-dimensional array of bit lines to which the memory elements of all planes are connected is oriented vertically from the substrate and through the plurality of planes. A double-global-bit-line architecture provides a pair of global bit lines for each bit lines for accessing a row of memory elements in parallel. A first one of each pair allows the local bit lines of the row to be sensed while a second one of each pair allows local bit lines in an adjacent row to be set to a definite voltage so as to eliminate leakage currents between adjacent rows of local bit lines.

A read voltage setting method for a rewritable non-volatile memory module is provided. The method includes: reading test data stored in memory cells of a word line to obtain a corresponding critical voltage distribution and identifying a default read voltage corresponding to the word line based on the corresponding critical voltage distribution; applying a plurality of test read voltages obtained according to the default read voltage to the word line to read a plurality of test page data; and determining an optimized read voltage corresponding to the word line according to the minimum error bit number among a plurality of error bit numbers of the test page data. The method further includes calculating a difference value between the default read voltage and the optimized read voltage as a read voltage adjustment value corresponding to the word line and recording the read voltage adjustment value in a retry table.

A noise reducing device includes: a sound-signal input unit that inputs a sound signal; a time-to-frequency converting unit that converts the input sound signal obtained by being input by the sound-signal input unit into a frequency signal; a patterning unit that calculates, for each of divided frequencies of the frequency signal, an nth order polynomial (n is a natural number) as a polynomial for interpolating sampling points and acquires a coefficient pattern including a set of values of coefficients of respective orders of the polynomial; a matching-data storing unit that stores, in association with the divided frequencies, matching data indicating a matching range as a range of a coefficient pattern regarded as noise; and a noise determining unit that determines, on the basis of a result obtained by comparing the coefficient pattern acquired by the patterning unit and the matching range indicated by the matching data, at least presence or absence of noise occurrence at a divided frequency corresponding to data of the compared coefficient pattern.

A sleep state of a subject is estimated from respiration signals that are readily detected without restraining the subject. From a voltage waveform based on respiratory movement of a person, positive peak values and the (time) interval between adjacent peaks are calculated. Also obtained is the area of a region that is enclosed by the voltage waveform and a time axis between peaks, and the average value and dispersion value of the obtained inter-peak areas are calculated. The calculated values are used to set a preliminary sleep state value for a given period, and sleep state values over plural periods are factored in to estimate a sleep state at a given time point.

An angular velocity / angular acceleration calculator of the crankshaft in an internal combustion engine includes a crank angle detection device, a crank angle correction device, and an angular velocity / angular acceleration calculation device. The crank angle detection device detects a crank angle in the internal combustion engine and a time at the crank angle. The crank angle correction device corrects the crank angle and the time thus detected to an equiangular crank angle and a time corresponding thereto. The angular velocity / angular acceleration calculation device calculates an angular velocity and an angular acceleration of the crankshaft by converting a function of the time with respect to the crank angle that are corrected by the crank angle correction device so as to be regarded as a periodic function, and utilizing the discrete Fourier transform of the converted function.

A charging device which enables the charged state and remaining capacity of the battery pack to be accurately grasped. In the charging device on which a battery pack including a nonvolatile memory and a secondary battery cell is mounted, a charge control microcomputer measures a charging current supplied to and a charging voltage applied to the battery pack. Charged state data indicative of the charged state of the battery pack is determined based on at least one of the measured charging current and the measured charging voltage. The charge control microcomputer writes the determined charged state data in the memory of the battery pack.

A method and apparatus for ascertaining the cerebral state of a patient using generalized spectral entropy of the EEG signal.

When repair / replacement information is acquired by a repair / replacement information acquisition device, feature quantities of vehicle state information acquired by an vehicle state information acquisition device are detected, and a content of repair or parts replacement is estimated using the detected feature quantities of the vehicle state information, and supervised training data. If the result of the estimation accords with the repair / replacement information acquired by the repair / replacement information acquisition device, a storage device is controlled so that the combination of the detected feature quantities of the vehicle state information and the repair / replacement information acquired by the repair / replacement information acquisition device is added to the supervised training data.

A tire-generated sound detection sensor detects a tire-generated sound that is generated from a tire while the vehicle is running. A wheel rotation sensor detects a wheel rotation speed. A preprocessor calculates feature quantities corresponding to a road surface state and tire-generated sound sources. A feature vector generator generates a feature vector having, as components, the feature quantities calculated by the preprocessor and the detected wheel rotation speed. A judgment processor estimates a state of a road surface on which the vehicle is running on the basis of the feature vector generated by the feature vector generator and feature vectors that are stored in a judgment map memory so as to be correlated with a plurality of road surface states, respectively, and each of which corresponds to a road surface state and tire-generated sound sources.

Ultraviolet light having wavelengths of 250 to 380 nm is irradiated to a reaction curable resin. A screen image of luminance value is recorded which is obtained by extracting only a specific wavelength component of the reflected ultraviolet light, and the cured state of an ultraviolet curable resin is quantified from a captured image and displayed. At the same time, the spectral characteristic of reflected light is measured by an ultraviolet spectroscope and a cured state is quantified in accordance with the change rate of absorbances obtained from a change of spectral characteristics by combining the spectral characteristic with a luminance value image and displayed. Thereby, decrease in defects due to irregular curing and uncured portion of the ultraviolet curable resin can be realized by measuring the temporal change of the cured state of the reaction curable resin as a screen image and optimizing an optimum curing condition of the ultraviolet curable resin.

The present invention relates to a switch controller, a switch control method, and a power supply using the switch controller.A switch controller controls switching operation of a power switch and receives a sense voltage of a sense resistor to which a drain current flowing in the power switch flows. The switch controller generates a sum signal using the sense voltage and a ramp signal having a cycle that is the same as a switching cycle of the power switch. The switch controller determines short-circuit of the sense resistor by detecting slope variation of the sum signal.

In embodiments, an external medical device is intended to care for a patient. If it receives an input that signifies that ventilation artifact is present in a signal of the patient, it transmits a corrective signal responsive to the received input. In further embodiments, a patient signal is received, which is generated from a patient while the patient is or was receiving chest compressions at a frequency Fc, and also receiving ventilations at frequency Fv. At least one filter mechanism may be applied to the patient signal to substantially remove artifacts at a) frequency Fc, b) a higher harmonic of frequency Fc, and c) a third frequency substantially equaling frequency Fc plus or minus frequency Fv, while substantially passing other frequencies between them. As a result, the patient signal can be cleaner, for diagnosing the patient's state more accurately.

According to the method of evaluating colorectal cancer of the present invention, amino acid concentration data on the concentration value of amino acid in blood collected from a subject to be evaluated is measured, and a colorectal cancer state in the subject is evaluated based on the concentration value of at least one of Arg, Cys, Orn, Trp, Glu, ABA, Val, Phe, Leu, Gln, Ile and His contained in the measured amino acid concentration data of the subject.

The present invention provides an apparatus and a method for obtaining panoramic images in which cervical effect is corrected in such a manner that the uniform contrast is shown. According to the apparatus and the method, the method comprises the steps of: obtaining a preceding frame image by irradiating radiation on one certain section of an image layer trace on which the tooth trace of a subject is embodied; calculating a gray scale average value of pixels that are included within a predetermined reference region of the preceding frame image; comparing the calculated gray scale average value with a gray scale reference value that is calculated from a prepared sample image, and generating a radiation correction value corresponding to a difference value therebetween; and obtaining a succeeding frame image by irradiating strength-adjusted radiation on one section that is adjacent to the other section of an unknown layer trace, according to the calculated radiation correction value.

A counting system is for counting the number of persons passing a monitor line set in the width direction of a path, and has a laser for irradiating the monitor line with a slit ray, and an image capturing apparatus for photographing an area including the monitor line. In the image capturing apparatus, one-dimensional data indicative of a position in which the slit ray is interrupted on the monitor line is generated from an image obtained by the photographing. On the basis of the one-dimensional data, the number of passing persons is counted. By counting the number of passing persons with the one-dimensional data, a very light computation load for the counting can be achieved.

A vehicle slip state determination system serves to calculate an estimated vehicle speed VB, an estimated vehicle deceleration in the vehicle speed DVB, and each of wheel speed differences between right front and rear wheels and between left front and rear wheels ΔVR, ΔVL, respectively. The wheel speed difference ΔVR, ΔVL are divided into three ranges, that is, range 1, range 2, and range 3 by the speed difference upper and lower limit values JVUP and JVLO, each of which is a linear function value with respect to the estimated vehicle deceleration DVB. In the ranges 1 and 3, the vehicle traveling on the road with the low friction coefficient μ is brought into the slip state where four wheels are slipped. If the wheel speed difference at a predetermined estimated vehicle deceleration deviates from a determination range defined by the upper and lower limit values, the slip state of the vehicle, that is, the condition where the vehicle is traveling on the road with the low friction coefficient μ is determined.

The present invention can speedily and accurately estimate an SOC of a secondary battery immediately after a charge / discharge operation resumes. A determination unit determines whether a dormant period is longer than a predetermined time in response to an initiation of power supply from a secondary battery to a motor generator. The dormant period is equivalent to the duration from a previous stop of power supply to a present initiation of power supply. If the dormant period is longer than the predetermined time, a state-of-charge estimating unit sets an initial SOC based on a peak battery voltage drop ΔVs and a peak discharge current Is, wherein the peak battery voltage drop ΔVs represents a difference between a battery voltage Vo measured before initiating power supply and a lowest battery voltage Vs measured after initiating power supply and the peak discharge current Is represents a maximum current value measured after initiating power supply. The state-of-charge estimating unit estimates a state of charge of the secondary battery 30 based on the initial SOC as a value effective immediately after initiating power supply.