31results about How to "Improve catalyst utilization" patented technology

The present invention discloses a copper-doped iron metal-organic framework, a preparation method thereof, and an application method for activation of persulfate to treat organic wastewater. The copper-doped iron metal-organic framework is prepared by solution impregnation method, using relatively large specific surface area and more hollow structures of the iron metal-organic framework to effectively load copper ion. This method uses the unsaturated-coordinate iron active center on the iron metal-organic framework and copper ions on the load as a catalyst body, utilizing catalytic synergies of both to efficiently and continuously activate persulfate to produce sulfate radical anion for degradation of organic pollutants. This method is suitable for various organic wastewater, with high catalytic activity, good durability, easy operation and easy recovery, and activation effect of this heterogeneous catalyst is still high even after being used repeatedly, having a great application prospect in degradation of organic pollutants in water.

The invention provides a catalyst layer structure capable of effectively reducing fuel cell platinum (Pt) loading capacity. A catalyst layer is composed of a plurality of layers of single catalyst layers in different ingredients, and catalyst Pt loading capacity, ion conductor type, Pt loading capacity and a preparation process of each layer are different, so that the purposes of improving catalyst utilization rate and reducing the Pt loading capacity can be realized. In the reaction time of fuel cells, oxygen molecules diffuse from the catalyst layers to the interiors of the catalyst layers, and react with hydrogen protons moved from anodes. According to characteristics of the reaction of the fuel cells, oxygen diffuses from diffusion layers to the interiors of the catalyst layers and reacts with the hydrogen protons transmitted from the anodes to produce water. In the design of the catalyst layer structure, the Pt concentration and the ion conductor concentration of a catalyst layer close to the membrane side are improved in an emphasis mode so that reaction efficiency under intermediate and low current density is improved.

The preparation method for electric catalyst of fuel cell comprises: selecting 3-50nm nano Ni as core and thin Pt or PtRu as shell, wherein the rate between Ni and Pt or PtRu is 10:10~100; selecting the load capacity of Pt or PtRu on C carrier as 10-60%; preparing the glycol solution of NiSO4, NiCl2 or Ni(NO3)2; adding C carrier and N2H4, adjusting pH value by KOH or NaOH; adding glycol solution of HPtCl6 or mixture of HPtCl6 and RuCl3; adjusting pH value; separating, cleaning, and drying. This invention can improve noble metal utility and reduces cell cost.

A fuel cell membrane-electrode assembly having a fuel electrode and an oxidant electrode has a non-supported-catalyst containing catalyst layer that contains a metal catalyst nanoparticle of 0.3 nm to 100 nm in primary particle diameter that is not supported on a support, and an electrochemically active surface area of the metal catalyst nanoparticle is 10 m²/g to 150 m²/g, and a layer thickness of the non-supported-catalyst containing catalyst layer is less than or equal to 10 μm.

The invention discloses a preparation method and an application of a membrane electrode based on a platinum or platinum alloy nanotube. The preparation method comprises the steps of formation of an ordered electrode micro-structure, preparation of the platinum or platinum alloy nanotube, and assembling of the membrane electrode. A Co-OH-CO<3> nanorod array with regular orientation is grown on a substrate firstly; next, the array is loaded with a catalyst, and the Co-OH-CO<3> nanorod array loaded with the catalyst is subjected to annealing treatment; and finally, the array is thermally pressedon an ion exchange membrane to obtain the membrane electrode, and the membrane electrode is subjected to purification treatment, wherein the constructed membrane electrode can be applied to a fuel cell. The membrane electrode constructed in the invention has the advantages of low catalyst loading amount, high catalyst utilization rate, easy amplification and the like.

The invention relates to a guiding device and a guiding method for a diesel engine selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system for an automobile. The guiding device comprises an expansion pipe and at least two guiding plates arranged in a mutually embedding mode. The end where gas flows to the expansion pipe is a gas inlet end and the end where the gas flows out of the expansion pipe is a gas output end. The guiding plates at fixedly arranged on the gas inlet end of the expansion pipe and each guiding plate is in a trumpet shape without a front end face and a rear end face. A fluid channel is formed among the guiding plates. The guiding device is simple in structure, low in manufacturing cost and easy to install. According to the guiding device and the guiding method, due to backflow generated in the portion of an elbow pipe, exhaust of the automobile and urea sprayed from a nozzle can mix well so that generation of crystal on a wall is reduced. Due to the guiding device in the expansion pipe portion, mixed gas is converted from turbulent flow to laminar flow so that velocity distribution is even, radial pressure difference and temperature difference inside a catalytic agent are reduced, conversion efficiency of nitric oxides is improved, through capacity of a catalytic agent carrier is improved and service life of a catalyst is prolonged.

The invention discloses a method for making a membrane electrode of direct methanol fuel battery. The membrane electrode comprises proton exchange membrane, positive electrode of carbon carried platinum-ruthenium catalyst and negative electrode of carbon carried platinum catalyst. The invention is characterized in that it reduces the usage of direct methanol fuel battery catalytic agent noble metal and lowers costs of fuel battery. The direct methanol fuel batteries assembled with the membrane electrode components has the advantages of high output power density, great performance test reproducibility.

The invention provides a process for preparing diphenylamine by the coupling of condensation reaction and diphenylamine for increasing phenylamine once-through conversion ratio, wherein the condensation reaction and diphenylamine coupling apparatus employs 2-N fixed bed reactors through cascade connection, each reactor is filled with beta-zeolite molecular sieve catalyst, the reactor is equipped with a gas-liquid separator and a direct condenser on the top, the gas-liquid separator is equipped with liquid level display and control system, the operating pressure for each reactor is controlled between 1.5-3.0 MPa, the reaction temperature is controlled between 260-400 deg. C.

Electrodes for an electrochemical cell such as a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell are treated with steam or a hot solution before they are bonded to a membrane to form a membrane-electrode assembly. Such a treatment effectively increases the performance of the electrodes when they are subsequently tested within the PEM fuel cell. Improved performance is also observed using this technique with a catalyst-coated membrane and a membrane-electrode assembly.

The invention discloses a composition for raising use ratio of catalyst for fuel cell. The composition includes catalyst, ion macromolecules of proton conduction, and couplant. Using function group B1, the couplant binds catalyst or carrier of catalyst; and using function group B2 the couplant binds ion macromolecules of proton conduction. The invention also discloses corresponding method including following steps: (1) using supersound to break up catalyst; (2) adding couplant to generate bonding to catalyst; and (3) adding high molecular fluoride to generate bonding to couplant so as to form composition of catalyst - couplant - high molecular fluoride in order to form stable dispersion. In step (2), the couplant uses a function group B1 to bond to catalyst, and uses a function group B2 to bind to high molecular fluoride.

The invention discloses preparation and application of an ordered gas diffusion electrode based on a nanotube array. The preparation comprises formation of an ordered microstructure, preparation of the nanotube array and assembly of the ordered gas diffusion electrode. Firstly, a Co-OH-CO3 nanorod array with a regular orientation is grown on a substrate; and then, a catalyst film is deposited on the surface of the Co-OH-CO3 nanorod array, and at the moment, the Co-OH-CO3 nanorod array with the catalyst film can be is directly transferred to a gas diffusion layer or is transferred to the gas diffusion layer after being annealed. The prepared gas diffusion electrode can be directly applied to a fuel cell, and can also be applied to the fuel cell after the surface of the nanotube array is loaded with a catalyst. The prepared gas diffusion electrode has the advantages of being low in catalyst loading capacity, high in catalyst utilization rate and the like.

The present specification relates to a carrier-nanoparticle complex, a catalyst including the same, an electrochemical cell or a fuel cell including the catalyst, and a method for preparing the same.

The invention provides a VOC (volatile organic compound) removing material for a solution and a preparation method of the VOC removing material. The method comprises the following steps: S1, slowly adding butyl titanate into absolute ethyl alcohol according to a ratio of 1:(4-6.5); S2, adding concentrated sulfuric acid to obtain a solution A; S3, adding TEOS (tetraethyl orthosilicate) into absolute ethyl alcohol according to a ratio of 1:(3-7.5), and conducting stirring to obtain a solution B; S4, adding the solution B into the solution A, conducting stirring for 2-2.5 hours, adding water, continuously conducting stirring for 4-4.5 hours, and conducting reacting at high temperature; S5, baking the mixture obtained in the step S4 to obtain a titanium dioxide and silicon dioxide mixture; S6, adding magnesium powder into the mixture, and conducting calcining; S7, carrying out ultrasonic oscillation on the mixture in an HCl solution, conducting filtering, and baking the obtained powder to obtain catalytic powder; and S8, adding a surfactant into the catalytic powder, adding water, and fully conducting mixing. The preparation method provided by the invention can be used for preparing the aqueous solution VOC removal material with extremely high photocatalytic utilization rate, and can be suitable for removing VOC in an aqueous solution state.

The invention discloses a preparation method of an alloy hydrogen evolution electrode loaded on foam transition metal. The preparation method includes: subjecting the three-dimensional foam transitionmetal to deoiling, pickling and drying; taking the three-dimensional foam transition metal as a base material placed in a glow plasma metallizing furnace and using a molybdenum plate with the purityof 99.99% as a sputter target material; cleaning and cooling to room temperature, and generating a molybdenum-molybdenum transition metal alloy hydrogen evolution electrode on the surface of the foamtransition metal. The obtained hydrogen evolution electrode is high in catalytic activity, large in specific area and good in electrical conductivity can can maintain stable structure and chemical activity under acidic, neutral and alkaline conditions, and most importantly, the preparation method is simple in process, low in cost, easy to control and suitable for large-scale industrial production.