The invention discloses a screw-free ultrasonic microinjection molding device for a molten and plasticized polymer and a molding method. An injection part comprises an injection motor, a lead screw, an injection push plate and a connecting rod; an ultrasonic vibration system comprises an ultrasonic generator, an energy converter, an amplitude-change pole and a tool head; an injection module is provided with a plasticizing hole, a sub-runner and a mould cavity; a feeding system comprises a hopper and a support; and a mould closing and ejecting system comprises a mould closing hydraulic cylinder, an ejecting hydraulic cylinder, an upper mould fixing plate, a lower mould fixing plate and an ejector rod. A solid polymer is molten into a liquid under the action of frication thermogenesis and viscoelasticity thermogenesis applied into the polymer particle process through ultrasonic vibration, and meanwhile, ultrasonic waves play a cavitation role in the polymer liquid, so that the apparent viscosity is reduced, the phenomenon of short shot or insufficient filling in the machining process is overcome, the injection molding of a small plastic device can be well realized, the energy consumption is reduced, the difficulty in controlling the process is lowered, the economic efficiency of the device is increased, and the production cost is reduced.