The invention discloses a damping energy dissipation device of a shield tunnel bolt joint, and belongs to the technical field of shield tunnel shockproof engineering. The damping energy dissipation device comprises a joint gasket, a first rubber gasket, a first sleeve, a second rubber gasket, a second sleeve and a third rubber gasket which are coaxially arranged in sequence, the first sleeve is provided with a first elastic waterproof sealing ring and a second elastic waterproof sealing ring, a plurality of protrusions are uniformly arranged on the first sleeve in the circumferential direction, each protrusion is sleeved with a damping spring, each damping spring is provided with a round gasket, a plurality of through holes corresponding to the protrusions are formed in the first rubber gasket, the second sleeve is provided with a third step groove, the third rubber gasket is provided with a third step protrusion corresponding to the third step groove, and the third step groove is provided with a third elastic waterproof sealing ring. The damping energy dissipation device has the advantages of being convenient to install, high in damping energy dissipation effect, capable of effectively achieving attenuation vibration and good in waterproof effect.