The invention relates to visual detection and image processing. Aiming to improve the resolution of an image and the measurement accuracy of a system, the technical scheme of the invention is that: a random micro-displacement-based super-resolution image reconstruction method comprises the following steps of: calculating micro-displacement by utilizing characteristic points in images of image sequences with the random micro-displacement; performing high-accuracy extraction on coordinates of the same characteristic points; setting two original images with the pixel size of 2d, the resolution of N and the sub-pixel micro-displacement of a as A and B; and setting a to-be-reconstructed image with the resolution of 2N as H, and as the image sequences are displaced and then scenes corresponding to H0 and H1 in the image are imaged only in A and not in B, in the process of reconstructing H, making equal H0, H1 and A0, performing the reconstruction according to corresponding relationships between H2, H3 and the like, and A and B and own weights of H2, H3 and the like for H2, H3 and the like, and obtaining a formula by deduction to calculate gray values. The method is mainly applied to the image processing.