The invention relates to a target tracking method based on an improved particle filter algorithm. The target tracking method includes the steps: reading a first frame image after acquiring a video stream; selecting tracked targets, and performing multi-dimensional feature extraction, establishing a target template, reading a next frame of image, performing target search by using the target template, performing weighted resampling on a searched target, performing interference detection, if interference exists, performing correction, otherwise, directly determining whether a target template updating condition is triggered; and if so, updating the target template and continuing target tracking. According to the target tracking method, the traditional particle filtering algorithm is improved from four aspects of increasing the feature dimension, reducing the particle attenuation, improving the algorithm immunity and introducing the target template updating strategy, and the target can be effectively tracked under the condition that the tracking environment is migrated and the interference of similar targets and shielding objects occurs, and the requirement of the real-time performanceof the system is met.