The invention discloses fluorescence amino carbon quantum dots, and a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) mixing aqua ammonia with purified xylan, and stirring until the xylan is dispersed in the solution; (2) transferring the mixture into a reaction kettle, putting in a sealed muffle furnace, and carrying out hydrothermal treatment; (3) cooling the product to room temperature, and carrying out ultrasonic dispersion treatment; (4) carrying out refrigerated centrifugal separation on the treated product, removing the precipitate, and collecting the supernate to obtain a fluorescence amino carbon quantum dot water solution; and (5) concentrating the product water solution by rotary evaporation, and finally, carrying out vacuum drying to obtain the fluorescence amino carbon quantum dots. The amino carbon quantum dots have the advantages of high fluorescence, high stability, low cytotoxicity and favorable biocompatibility, and can be widely used in the fields of cell imaging, disease diagnosis, drug transfer and the like.