The present invention relates to the technical field of livestock and poultry additives, particularly to a composition for preventing bovine rumen from food retention, and a preparation method thereof, wherein the raw materials comprise, by mass, camellia nitidissima, ophiopogon japonicus, fructus setariae germinatus, dioscorea opposita, perilla frutescens, chicken's gizzard membrane, frankincense, rhizoma corydalis, rhizoma imperatae, ligusticum chuanxiong hort, alisma orientalis, cyperus rotundus l, atractylodes macrocephala, and an auxiliary material. According to the present invention, the composition provides significant prevention and treatment effects for the food retention of bovine rumen, and can effectively reduce the incidence of bovine rumen food retention to 1.2-1.5%; and through the reasonable ratio of the Chinese herbs, the occurrence of the bovine rumen food retention is prevented at a maximum under the premise of no damage on the bovine gastrointestinal function, and the important significance is provided for the improvement of the bovine production performance, the reduction of economic losses, and the promotion of the sustained and healthy development of bovine breeding industry.