49results about How to "Reduce material volume" patented technology

A continuous process for upgrading sour crude oil by treating the sour crude oil in a two step process that includes a hydro-demetallization section and a hydro-desulfurization section, both of which are constructed in a permutable fashion so as to optimize the operating conditions and catalyst lifespan to produce a high value crude oil having low sulfur and low organometallic impurities.

A method of and apparatus for determining and controlling the inertial attitude of a spinning artificial satellite without using a suite of inertial gyroscopes. The method and apparatus operate by tracking three astronomical objects near the Earth's ecliptic pole and the satellite's and / or star tracker's spin axis and processing the track information. The method and apparatus include steps and means for selecting preferably three astronomical objects using a histogram method and determining a square of a first radius (R12) of a track of a first astronomical object; determining a square of a second radius (R22) of a track of a second astronomical object; determining a square of a third radius (R32) of a track of a third astronomical object; determining the inertial attitude of the spin axis using the squares of the first, second, and third radii (R12, R22, and R32) to calculate pitch, yaw, and roll rate; determining a change in the pitch and yaw of the artificial satellite; and controlling on-board generated current flow to various orthogonally-disposed current-carrying loops to act against the Earth's magnetic field and to apply gyroscopic precession to the spinning satellite to correct and maintain its optimum inertial attitude.

A new and improved safety outlet includes of a one-piece structure which is installed on a standard electrical receptacle in place of a standard receptacle cover. The electrical plugs installed in the outlets of the electrical receptacle are completely enclosed within the fire resistant and electrically insulating structure; baffles are incorporated into the rigid base to prevent an infant or young person from inserting a rigid object through the passages in the structure for electrical cords and thereby preventing contact with the electrical supply voltages; and three tabs spaced on three sides of the cover portion must be simultaneously pressed to allow the structure to be opened for access to the electrical plugs, thereby preventing access to the enclosed region and preventing contact with the electrical supply voltages.

Exterior building siding for aesthetic and protection of the building against wind, rain and solar energy by attaching each horizontal plank from the top of the wall downwardly that includes a starting strip where each plank is interlocked to the plank above it. Each of the horizontal planks includes a top wall portion that fits snuggly into an “L-shaped” groove above it so that the panels can be firmly locked together vertically in a downwardly fashion to prevent any wind uplift against the siding or moisture intrusion. In the preferred embodiment, an adaptor strip is bonded to a conventional siding plank for trap lock engagement. Each adaptor strip has a longitudinal recess to reduce mass and volume and a mid panel support for strength.

A method for processing municipal waste substantially reduces the volume of material to be disposed into a landfill by increasing the volume of materials of value collected from the municipal waste and by composting the remaining materials to create a salable product. The process includes the removal of materials of value by magnetic devices to extract ferrous materials, by an air classifier to extract light plastic materials, by an eddy current mechanism to extract aluminum materials, and by a plastic sort mechanism to extract large plastic materials. Composting can be accomplished with a composting vessel that is located in the process either before the materials of value are removed or afterward. A grinding of the materials before a final screening allows the commercial grade compost to be separated from the materials that are to be sent to the landfill for final disposal. An alternative embodiment of the process utilizes a steam pressure vessel to disintegrate the waste material and to destroy any pathogens before materials of value are removed and the small and fine materials are composted. Large materials can be gasified to create heat energy for use in the steam pressure vessel.

A method produces a connection interface in a tubular filter element for filtering liquids, including a filter mat (10). The opposite ends (14) of the filter mat are interconnected in a connection position by a planar weld seam (28) provided with an embossed strip in the region of the free ends (14) of the filter mat. A region is provided between the embossed weld seam (30) and the beginning of the transition towards the tubular filter mats, in which a smooth weld seam (32) is applied without embossing in a flat strip along the ends (14) of the filter mat. This arrangement enables the ends of the filter mat to be welded together in a strong and long-lasting manner. The embossed weld seam is simultaneously unloaded of any stress by the smooth weld seam.

A column-type combination climbing exercise machine mainly includes: the bottom end of a stand frame provided with a ground seat; a column is locked with the stand frame through a locking component; two sliding chutes are respectively disposed at the opposite left and right sides of the column; two sliding seats are correspondingly disposed in the two sliding chute, each sliding seat is adjacent to the top thereof, and a handle and a pedal are respectively disposed at the two ends of the bottom; a first linkage mechanism is connected with the two sliding seats to form a mutually opposite lift-fall and linkage action; a damper is assembled in the ground seat; two connectors are respectively disposed in the two sliding a seat; and a second linkage mechanism makes the damper and the two sliding seats in a linkage relationship.

A spectrometer assembly (10), comprising an Echelle grating (18; 46) for dispersing radiation entering the spectrometer assembly (10) in a main dispersion direction, and a dispersion assembly (16; 40) for dispersing a parallel radiation bundle generated from the radiation entering the spectrometer assembly in a lateral dispersion direction, is characterized in that the dispersion assembly (16; 40) is reflective, and the dispersion assembly (16; 40) is arranged relative to the Echelle grating (18; 46) in such a way that the parallel radiation bundle is reflected in the direction of the Echelle grating. The Echelle grating (18; 46) may be arranged in such a way that the dispersed radiation is reflected back to the dispersion assembly (16; 40).

Pulse proteins of reduced astringency are obtained by fractionating pulse protein products which are completely soluble and heat stable in aqueous media at acid pH value of less than about 4.4 into lower molecular weight, less astringent proteins and higher molecular weight, more astringent proteins.

The invention relates to a system for constructing walls using blocks equipped with coupling means, comprising blocks having: ridges that fit into grooves, bases that fit into channels, cavities for the flow of adhesive, notches in which ducts for installations are located, perforations for reinforcing the wall with post-tensioned cable or rebar, provisions for building frames for doors or windows, and tunnels for housing piers, among other elements, which together allow a wall to be constructed without skilled labor, saving materials and reducing construction time.

Tread having a maximum thickness PMU of material to be worn away during running, having: at least two grooves of circumferential overall orientation delimiting at least one intermediate row and two edge rows, a plurality of cuts of transverse overall orientation on each intermediate and edge row, representing, in the new state, a void of total volume Vco open onto the tread surface, at most equal to 13% of the total volume of the tread, channels or cavities extending under the tread surface in the new state, adapted to form new grooves after the tread has partially worn away, and having, in the initial state, a total volume Vcc at least equal to 30% of the total void volume Vco in the new state, intermediate rows of suffix (i) and edge rows of suffix (e) each provided with a plurality of cuts of transverse or oblique orientation distributed over each row evenly or near-evenly with a mean pitch of Pi and Pe respectively, having mean depths, Di and De respectively, which are at least equal to 20% of the thickness PMU and at most equal to thickness PMU, wherein: on the edge rows, Pe is such that 1.30<Pe / De<3.00, and on the intermediate rows, Pi satisfies 1.00<Pi / Di<1.70, and Pe is greater than Pi.

This invention relates to water-based well drilling fluids. It has been found that cellulose based particles, which comprise cell wall material and their networks of cellulose based fibers and nanofibrils can be used to produce suspensions having viscosity and rheological properties particularly suitable for use as a drilling fluid. It is assumed that the organization of the cellulose fibrils, as it exists in the parenchymal cell walls, is at least partly retained in the cellulose based particles of the invention, even though part of the pectin and hemicellulose is removed there from. Breaking plant-based pulp down into this kind of cellulose based particles involves fewer and gentler processes than to break the pulp down further into cellulose nanofibrils, and therefore the present cellulose based particles can be produced much faster and at lower cost than completely unraveled cellulose nanofibrils. The well drilling fluids based on the cellulose material of this invention are stable over a wide range of operating temperatures.

A light-reflection type liquid crystal display device includes (a) a liquid crystal display panel, (b) a polarizer mounted on the liquid crystal display panel, (c) a light-guide mounted on the polarizer, (d) a light source arranged adjacent to an end of the light-guide for supplying light to the liquid crystal display panel through the light-guide, (e) an operation panel mounted above the light-guide for operating the light-reflection type liquid crystal display device, (f) a chassis for supporting the liquid crystal display panel therewith, (g) a frame covering the light source therewith, the frame having an opening facing the light-guide, and (h) a shield coupled to the chassis and covering the light-guide therewith except a portion of the light-guide facing the light source, the shield cooperating with the frame to support the operation panel therewith.

The present invention relates to a supporting structure having function of rod-linkage latching which comprises a connecting unit, a base seat, a base seat hinge, a main hinge, at least one rod-linkage mechanism and at least one rod-linkage latching device. By providing a rod-linkage latching device between a connecting unit and a rod-linkage mechanism the two connecting rods of the rod-linkage mechanism generate a relative movement while the connecting unit performs tilt angle adjusting toward the base seat, so a tenon sheet of one connecting rod is moved and a latching member of the rod-linkage latching device loses stop and extends then the movement of the tenon sheet is limited thus a locking status is formed, so a torsion spring disposed between the connecting unit and the base seat is pressed so an energy saving status is formed, therefore the connecting unit has a certain angle with respect to the base seat and an advantage of saving volume while packaging and conveying is achieved, and the supporting structure provided by the present invention can be disposed vertically or be hanged.

Integrated circuits employing varied gate topography between an active gate region(s) and a field gate region(s) in a gate(s) for reduced gate layout parasitic capacitance, and related methods, are disclosed. In exemplary aspects, the gate topography (e.g., height) of a gate in a circuit cell used to form gates for devices formed therein to form an integrated circuit is varied between an active gate and a field gate(s) of the gate. In this manner, the overall volume of material in the gate can be reduced due to the reduction in volume of the field gate(s) to reduce gate layout parasitic capacitance. Reducing gate layout parasitic capacitance in a circuit cell can reduce the overall parasitic capacitance of an integrated circuit formed from the circuit cell to achieve the desired integrated circuit delay performance.

The invention relates to a chipper knife for chippers of the type comprising a tool (12) which is rotatable on an axis of rotation and is in the form of, for example a drum, disc or truncated conical body, which supports a plurality of such chipper knives. The chipper knife comprises at least one cutting edge (1) which is formed between a flank (2, 2′) and a chip guiding surface (4, 4′), and two opposite main surfaces (3, 3′) which are adapted to abut against and be retained on the opposite seats (14, 15) of a holder (9, 10) on the tool. At least one main surface (3, 3′) of the chipper knife which is located on a wood side of the chipper knife comprises a cross-sectionally convexly bent surface portion (6, 5′) which connects to and extends backwards from the flank (2, 2′) and the chord of which constitutes at least 20%, preferably at least 30% and, most preferably, at least 40% of the total cross-sectional length of the chipper knife. The invention also relates to a holder for such a chipper knife.

This invention relates to water-based well drilling fluids. It has been found that cellulose based particles, which comprise cell wall material and their networks of cellulose based fibers and nanofibrils can be used to produce suspensions having viscosity and rheological properties particularly suitable for use as a drilling fluid. It is assumed that the organization of the cellulose fibrils, as it exists in the parenchymal cell walls, is at least partly retained in the cellulose based particles of the invention, even though part of the pectin and hemicellulose is removed there from. Breaking plant-based pulp down into this kind of cellulose based particles involves fewer and gentler processes than to break the pulp down further into cellulose nanofibrils, and therefore the present cellulose based particles can be produced much faster and at lower cost than completely unraveled cellulose nanofibrils. The well drilling fluids based on the cellulose material of this invention are stable over a wide range of operating temperatures.

A cast metal sideframe for use in a railway car truck has a spring seat for supporting the springs of a spring set. The sideframe is molded using a core that includes a portion for defining the exterior surface of the spring seat. The core can be a single piece or multi-piece core. The spring seat includes a plurality of aerodynamically-shaped spring retainers formed on the top face spring seat. The aerodynamic shape of the spring retainers reduces the tendency for sand to swirl and create voids during formation of the sand core that is used to mold the sideframe. The aerodynamic shape may include forming at least some of the side walls of the spring retainers at an obtuse angle with the top face of the spring seat. The spring retainers may have concave top faces so as to reduce the volume of material comprising the spring retainers. Reducing material volume is beneficial for reducing shrinkage during cooling of the sideframe, thereby reducing the tendency for separation, tears and cracks to form on the top surface of the spring retainer.

A tine raking device includes a frame and a conveyor assembly supported on the frame. The conveyor assembly has a conveyor belt defining perforations sized to allow passage therethrough of granules of sand and to prevent passage therethrough of larger sized debris to be removed from a ground surface. Flexible tines extending outwardly from the conveyor belt. The tines are arranged in rows across a width of the conveyor belt. The rows each are longitudinally spaced from adjacent rows along the conveyor belt such that a generally unimpeded path is defined along an outer surface of the conveyor belt for debris to flow between adjacent tines along an associated row. The conveyor assembly includes a lower section for permitting the tines to contact and remove debris from a ground surface being cleaned, and an inclined section for lifting debris on the conveyor belt away from the ground surface being cleaned.

The invention relates to the technical field of uninterruptible power supplies and particularly to a charging control method for an uninterruptible power supply (UPS). The method, by decreasing the charging current of the UPS when input voltage decreases and increasing the charging current of the UPS when the input voltage increases, enables the voltage of the UPS being constant and not to exceed the rated operating voltage of the UPS when the voltage of the UPS is lower than the rated input voltage of the UPS, thereby reducing the specification requirements of wires, material volume, and product cost.

The invention discloses a material carrying device with a stone breaking function, for tunnel construction. The material carrying device with the stone breaking function, for tunnel construction comprises a rolling wheel, a support plate, a first breaking motor, hydraulic telescopic rods, a controller, a charge box, a vertical column, a second breaking motor, a box body, a first door plate, a first breaking box, a breaking wheel, an inverted-V-shaped material plate, a pouring hopper, a press block, a first support plate, a second support plate, a press plate, a first electric telescopic support rod, a vibration motor, a breaking cavity, a second breaking box, a second door plate and a second electric telescopic support rod, wherein the charge box is fixed to the central position of the topof the box body; and the hydraulic telescopic rods are installed at the two ends of the charge box, and the output ends of the hydraulic telescopic rods extend into the charge box, and are fixedly connected with the press plate. The material carrying device with the stone breaking function, for tunnel construction realizes breaking in a material transport process, and increases the construction efficiency; and the vibration motor is installed at the bottom of the inverted-V-shaped material plate, so that blockage caused due to the accumulation of the materials can be effectively avoided.

The present invention concerns a method and an apparatus (10, 20) for a continuous preparation of organic peroxides, with the reactor comprising at least one flow channel (1, 1a, 1b) configured as a reaction zone; an inlet system (2) in fluid communication with a first end of the at least one flow channel and configured for introducing two or more substances or a combination of substances into the at least one flow channel; an outlet system (3) in fluid communication with a second end of the at least one flow channel, the second end being located downstream of the first end and the outlet system being configured for extracting a reaction product present at the second end; an oscillatory system (4, 5) configured for superimposing an oscillatory flow on the flow of substances passing through the at least one flow channel, the oscillatory being effected in at least a section of the at least one flow channel; and a controller configured to implement the method by controlling the inlet system to introduce, according to a first time characteristic, at least two substances or a combination of substances into the at least one flow channel, the oscillatory system to superimpose an oscillatory flow on at least a part of the flow of substances passing through the at least one flow channel, and the outlet system to extract, on an ongoing basis, the reaction product formed in the flow channel from the substances introduced such that the output mass flow rate corresponding to the sum of the input mass flow rates.

High efficiency optical collimator utilizing an open central light flow feature reduces losses while maintaining high intensity. Many degrees of collimation are possible including wide beam angles which traditionally exhibit high back-reflection losses.

A column-type combination climbing exercise machine mainly includes: the bottom end of a stand frame provided with a ground seat; a column is locked with the stand frame through a locking component; two sliding chutes are respectively disposed at the opposite left and right sides of the column; two sliding seats are correspondingly disposed in the two sliding chute, each sliding seat is adjacent to the top thereof, and a handle and a pedal are respectively disposed at the two ends of the bottom; a first linkage mechanism is connected with the two sliding seats to form a mutually opposite lift-fall and linkage action; a damper is assembled in the ground seat; two connectors are respectively disposed in the two sliding a seat; and a second linkage mechanism makes the damper and the two sliding seats in a linkage relationship.

The invention comprises a polymeric microarray support (1) for an optical assay arrangement (2) comprising optical means (3, 4, 6) for detection of light emitted from the support. The microarray support is provided with microfeatures comprising a surface enlarging pattern (5), i.e. grooves having a selected depth (8). The depth is selected such that the sum of the depth and of the variations in the thickness (7) of the support substantially corresponds to the depth of focus of the optical means.

In combination, a polymeric microarray support for an optical assay arrangement, that includes an optical detection instrument having a known depth of focus for detecting light emitted from said microarray support. The polymeric microarray support has a support surface made from a polymeric support material having a thickness varying over the area of the support surface by a thickness variation value. The said support includes formed microfeatures made up of grooves arranged to have a predetermined depth at the time of forming, the groove depth being selected based on the depth of focus of the optical detection instrument and the thickness of the support. The sum of the depth for the grooves and the thickness variation value of the polymeric support surface substantially corresponds to the depth of focus of the optical detection instrument in order to reduce noise, the polymeric support surface having attached thereto probe molecules to form binding sites.

Actuator for an inhaler for delivering medicament by inhalation. The actuator comprises a main body comprising a tubular member for receiving a canister containing medicament and having a valve stem extending therefrom, and an outlet assembly, as a part formed separately of the main body, comprising a mouthpiece for guiding medicament to the mouth of a user and a nozzle block for receiving the valve stem of the canister and delivering medicament from the canister into the mouthpiece. At least a part of the outlet assembly is configured so as to deform and optionally break on withdrawal of the outlet assembly from the main body so as to prevent re-use of the outlet assembly.