The invention discloses a traffic travel mode recognition method based on wireless signals, and comprises the following steps: S1, collecting RSSI data, and positioning a moving target; S2, performing smoothing processing on the travel trajectory by using Kalman filtering; S3, determining a travel trajectory formed by travel of a single user, and extracting feature vectors about the average speedand the travel distance in the travel trajectory to obtain travel features of travelers; S4, identifying a rough identification travel mode based on the feature vector, wherein the rough identification travel mode comprises a walking mode, a bicycle mode and a motor vehicle mode; and S5, identifying a fine identification travel mode based on the parking point, wherein the fine identification travel mode comprises a bus mode and a car mode. The method has the advantages of high real-time dynamic property, wide identification types and high precision, and can provide accurate basic data supportfor urban traffic planning, design, control, management, monitoring and the like.