The invention discloses a slide type hand-operated safety chuck convenient for placing, clamping and taking out extended and retracted roll materials. The slide type hand-operated safety chuck comprises a supporting end safety chuck and a power end safety chuck, wherein a reel mandrel is blocked and matched between a short shaft groove block of the supporting end safety chuck and a long shaft groove of the power end safety chuck through an insert; a long shaft and a short shaft can be adjusted, so that mounting and using errors can be compensated, and therefore, mandrels of different lengths are adapted; the slide type hand-operated safety chuck is great in bearing capacity, is manufactured from high-quality steel, greatly increases bearing weight through a special structure, is long in use time, is simple in maintenance, adopts blocking hole high-frequency quenching treatment, is convenient in maintenance as parts can be interchanged for use, is high in using precision, enables partsto be wear-resistant by chromium plating, blackening and quenching, is high in part precision, is strong in anti-deforming capability, is small in circular run-out, is high in safety, is dustproof andprevents clamp injury as a circular disc is equipped with a rubber ring, is prevented from dropping as a blocking hole is equipped with an axial positioning ring, is strong in applicability, adopts adetachable blocking hole, replaces different types, and is suitable for a precise high-rotation-speed occasion.