The invention discloses a method for achieving the adjustable speed limiting effect of a shear thickening damper and the damper. According to the method and the damper, a cylinder body is filled witha shear thickening solution, one end of a piston rod slides in the cylinder body, the other end of the piston rod extends out of the cylinder body, a piston is fixed to the piston rod in the cylinderbody and is a hollow cylinder with a normal-open oil passage, the normal-open oil passage enables an effective throttling channel to communicate with a piston cavity, the throttling channel is formedbetween the outer side wall of the piston rod and the inner side wall of the piston, the outer side of the piston makes contact with the inner side of the cylinder body to slide relatively, the pistonrod is provided with external threads, one end of the piston is in a ring shape, an inner ring is provided with internal threads, the relative position of the piston rod and the piston can be adjusted through screw-thread fit, a conical pin is arranged at one end of the piston rod, a floating piston is used for compensating the space variation of the cylinder body caused by the piston rod entering and exiting the cylinder body, and the floating piston and the cylinder body are connected through an elastic element. The method and the damper have the advantages that 1, the structure is simple and reliable; 2, the adjustable speed limiting effect can be achieved; 3, the output force of the damper is large; and 4, the impact resistance can be achieved.