A straw plate producing and processing system comprises a main production system and a material recycling and dust removing system. The material recycling and dust removing system is arranged at the upper end of the main production system. The main production system is composed of a straw supplying and feeding module, an unbundling module, a stepping separation module, a straw conveying module, a forming module, a conveying module, a cut-off module and an end sealing module. The material recycling and dust removing system is composed of a material recycling module and a dust removing module. The straw supplying and feeding module, the unbundling module, the stepping separation module, the straw conveying module, the forming module, the conveying module, the cut-off module and the end sealing module are sequentially connected from left to right. The material recycling module is connected with the dust removing module. The straw plate producing and processing system is reasonable in overall system device matching, good in continuity and high in transfer efficiency; and in the production process, no auxiliary materials need to be added, straw plates are completely formed by processing straw, and the high-quality, high-strength and purely-natural straw plates can be produced.