26 results about "Absorption (electromagnetic radiation)" patented technology

A system for heat conditioning an area of Earth includes an Earth-orbiting satellite. The satellite includes a power supply, a precursor gas supply, and one or more double helicon plasma beam generators coupled to the power supply and the gas supply and configured to generate a plasma and further configured with a magnetic nozzle to maintain a shape of the beam; therefore, the top surface area of the beam is maximized. The generated plasma provides enhanced electromagnetic waves absorption, reflection, and deflection of incoming solar light and electromagnetic radiation, thereby reducing the heat striking the area of the Earth.

An apparatus comprising a compact folded path cell for optical gas detection and / or measurement utilizing gas absorption spectroscopy. The apparatus includes an electromagnetic radiation source, a gas sample cell housing a reflector, and a detector for electromagnetic radiation. The source and detector are positioned between the reflector elements in a configuration that reflects the radiation away from the source and detector until the reflected radiation has a suitable optical path length, and then reflects the radiation towards the detector. Using spectroscopic analysis, the presence of at least one gas species in a gas sample can be determined and / or at least one parameter can be measured.

A method for efficient photocatalysis in which electric charge carriers are energetically excited upon absorption of electromagnetic radiation, characterized in that the charge carriers are separated by a pyroelectric field.

The invention relates to a method for the lithography-based additive manufacturing of a three-dimensional component, in which a beam emitted by an electromagnetic radiation source (3) is focused onto a focal point within a material (2) by means of an optical imaging unit (12) in order to introduce an exposure dose into the material (2), and the focal point is shifted by means of a deflection system positioned upstream of the imaging unit (12) in the beam path, and a volume element of the material (2) located at the focal point is solidified by means of multiphoton absorption, wherein the shifting of the focal point comprises a first movement component (18), namely an in particular continuous shifting along a main path, onto which a second movement component (21), namely a repeated transverse movement running transversely to the first movement component, is superimposed, and the exposure dose is modulated during the transverse movement.

An endovascular system for targeted photothermal ablation of perivascular nerves is disclosed. A catheter includes a fluid lumen communicating with outlet orifices, and an electromagnetic radiation emitter positioned within a support structure that apposes the array against a vessel wall. A proximal console independently controls irradiation and injection parameters. In use, a nanofluid comprising plasmonic nanoparticles, such as gold nanorods tuned for near-infrared absorption, is injected into or through the vascular wall and subsequently irradiated intraluminally; the nanofluid absorbs energy and converts it to heat to ablate adjacent nerve fibers while reducing non-target tissue heating.

Organic optoelectronic component (100) comprising: - an organic layer sequence (1) with an active layer (10) for emission or absorption of electromagnetic radiation; - a thin-film encapsulation (2) on the organic layer sequence (1); - an absorption layer (4) on the organic layer sequence (1) which is designed to absorb and store a substance harmful to the organic layer sequence (1); - a transport layer (3) directly adjacent to the absorption layer (4), which is designed to transport the harmful substance, wherein - the transport layer (3) has a larger diffusion coefficient and / or a larger transmission rate for the harmful substance than the absorption layer (4) and the absorption layer (4) has a higher storage capacity for the harmful substance than the transport layer (3), so that upon contact with the transport layer (3) the harmful substance is distributed within the transport layer (3) and subsequently absorbed by the absorption layer (4), and - the active layer (10), the transport layer (3) and the absorption layer (4) overlap in a top view in one area.

A cooking vessel includes a cooking surface and a lower portion positioned below the cooking surface. A first material is disposed within the lower portion and is in thermal proximity to the cooking surface. The first material increases in temperature upon absorption of electromagnetic radiation. A second material is disposed within the lower portion and in thermal proximity to the cooking surface. An electrical current is induced in the second material upon exposure to an electromagnetic field. Both the first material and the second material are configured to heat the cooking surface of the cooking vessel when used in a microwave oven or on an induction cooktop, respectively.

Metamaterial devices for optical absorption, dispersion and directional sensing include optically transparent prisms made of a wide range optically transparent material, the prisms comprising a lens surface that is exposed to a source of electromagnetic radiation, with the other surfaces of the prism adjacent to a sensing device, a reflective surface and / or an optical absorption surface. Absorption devices are configured to trap and absorb the electromagnetic radiation that enters the lens surface. Dispersion devices are configured to scatter the electromagnetic radiation that enters the lens surface and the infrared radiation that radiates from an object and through the prism towards the lens surface. The directional sensing devices are configured to selectively detect electromagnetic radiation entering the device at a target angle.

The invention relates to an optical system, in particular for microlithography, and to a method for operating an optical system. According to an aspect of the invention, the optical system comprises at least one mirror (100, 500, 600) having an optically effective surface (101, 501, 601) and a mirror substrate (110, 510, 610), wherein at least one cooling channel (115, 515, 615) in which a cooling fluid can flow is arranged in the mirror substrate for dissipating heat generated in the mirror substrate as a result of the absorption of electromagnetic radiation incident on the optically effective surface from a light source, and an adjustment unit (135, 535, 635) for adjusting the temperature and / or flow rate of the cooling fluid as a function of a measured variable characterizing the thermal loading in the mirror substrate or as a function of an estimated thermal loading expected in the mirror substrate at a given power of the light source.

A communication system is disclosed where information is embedded in the frequency of an optical electromagnetic radiation carrier, and concurrently, information is embedded in the amplitude of the optical electromagnetic radiation carrier. The electromagnetic radiation carrier is then propagated and collected by a receiver. The receiver is composed of a demodulator that can determine frequency of the electromagnetic carrier independently of carrier amplitude. The demodulator then extracts information from the electromagnetic carrier frequency and amplitude. The demodulator utilizes dispersion adjacent to absorption in paramagnetic vapors to determine frequency, and can also measure signal amplitude.

Photosensitive devices and associated methods are provided. In one aspect, for example, a photosensitive imager device can include a semiconductor substrate having multiple doped regions forming at least one junction, a textured region coupled to the semiconductor substrate and positioned to interact with electromagnetic radiation, and an electrical transfer element coupled to the semiconductor substrate and operable to transfer an electrical signal from the at least one junction. In one aspect, the textured region is operable to facilitate generation of an electrical signal from the detection of infrared electromagnetic radiation. In another aspect, interacting with electromagnetic radiation further includes increasing the semiconductor substrate's effective absorption wavelength as compared to a semiconductor substrate lacking a textured region.

A photoacoustic gas sensor device for determining a value indicative of the presence or concentration of a component in a gas, comprising a measurement cell (2) enclosing a measurement volume (3) and a gas-permeable region (4) in the measurement cell (2) for letting gas into the measurement volume (3). An electromagnetic radiation source (7) is arranged to emit electromagnetic radiation (8) into the measurement volume (3), and a pressure sensor (6) is arranged to measure acoustic waves (9) generated by the component in response to absorption of the electromagnetic radiation (8) by the component in the measurement volume (3). In one aspect, the gas-permeable region (4) is represented by a porous gas-permeable membrane (5) having an average pore size between 10 nm and 1 µm. In another aspect, the gas-permeable region (4) is represented by a region of the measurement cell (2) comprising a hole (211) through other gas-tight material of the measurement cell (2), the hole (211) having a diameter between 100 nm and 10 µm.

This application discloses a method for preparing a MoSe2 / nitrogen-doped expanded graphite composite electromagnetic wave absorbing material. Melamine is used as the nitrogen source, and after mixing and grinding with expandable graphite, nitrogen-doped expanded graphite is obtained by high-temperature annealing. Sodium molybdate dihydrate and selenium powder are dissolved in hydrazine hydrate to obtain solution A. The nitrogen-doped expanded graphite is dispersed in a mixture of deionized water and ethanol to obtain mixture B. Solution A and mixture B are mixed and transferred to a high-pressure reactor for hydrothermal reaction. After filtration, washing, and drying, the composite material is obtained. In this material, MoSe2 is uniformly grown in flower-shaped nanosheets between the layers and on the surface of the three-dimensional porous worm-like nitrogen-doped expanded graphite. The preparation process of this application is simple and low-cost. The resulting composite material achieves a minimum reflection loss of -43.6 dB at a 5% filler content and an effective absorption bandwidth of 8.2 GHz, which can be applied in the fields of radar stealth, electromagnetic compatibility protection, and electromagnetic radiation absorption.

The invention relates to a method for estimating the germination properties of plant seeds, comprising the following method steps: a) providing a plurality of separate plant seed portions, each comprising at least one plant seed, b) producing or providing a test composition comprising: i) water, ii) a two-stage redox indicator, and iii) a fermenting microorganism, c) bringing the plant seed portions into contact with a respective test volume of test composition in order to obtain a plurality of separate test systems, and incubating the test systems, d) measuring the test compositions of the incubated test systems using an optical measuring method in order to determine the optical absorption properties of the respective test compositions for electromagnetic radiation at at least a first wavelength λ1 and a second wavelength λ2 for the purpose of obtaining a plurality of absorption data records assigned to the respective test systems, wherein the absorption data records comprise information about the absorption properties of the respective test compositions at the first wavelength λ1 and the second wavelength λ2, with λ1 and λ2 differing by 10 nm or more, e) evaluating the absorption data records assigned to the test systems for the purpose of estimating the germination properties of the plant seeds in the respective plant seed portions using a machine learning-based estimation module.

An electromagnetic wave-absorbing adhesive tape, comprising a layer of an adhesive compound containing 0.1 to 10 wt% carbon nanotubes, reliably absorbs electromagnetic radiation, particularly in the frequency range used for radar sensors (electromagnetic waves with a frequency of 60 to 100 GHz), and is simultaneously easy to attach to a sensor. It thus combines absorption and adhesive properties and is therefore particularly suitable for mounting sensors, for example in motor vehicles, as it enables the suppression of interference noise, which is common and reduces the detection accuracy of the sensors.

A heat dissipation method comprising: providing a superconducting electronic circuit; applying a thin-film coating over a surface of the circuit, wherein the thin-film coating is mostly transparent to broadband electromagnetic radiation, has a thickness of less than 100 nanometers, and is designed to dissipate visible-spectrum radiation so as to reduce radiative heat absorption by the circuit; and enclosing the thin-film-coated circuit within a broadband-frequency-transparent enclosure that is capable of maintaining superconducting conditions within the enclosure such that the circuit is exposed to broadband-frequency radiation emanating from a location outside of the enclosure.

The present invention relates to a photodetector (3) comprising: a longitudinal portion (12) of a waveguide (11) which comprises or is formed by two waveguide segments (12a, 12b), which extend at least substantially parallel to one another in the longitudinal direction and are preferably distanced from one another in the transverse direction, forming a gap (14) between them; and an active element (13), which overlies the longitudinal portion (12) of the waveguide and comprises at least one material or consists of at least one material that absorbs electromagnetic radiation of at least one wavelength and generates an electric photosignal as a result of the absorption, the two waveguide segments (12a, 12b) each being in contact, at least in some portions, on at least one side, in particular on the side facing the active element (14), with a gate electrode (15a, 15b) which preferably comprises silicon or consists of silicon.

The invention relates to a method for producing an optical apparatus (200). The method comprises a step of providing a substrate (210) on whose first main surface (212) a plurality of emission devices (220) for emitting electromagnetic radiation (250, 255) are arranged. The substrate (210) is designed as a light-emitting diode wafer and / or formed from sapphire or gallium nitride and is transparent at least for one emission wavelength of the radiation (250, 255) emitted by the emission devices (220), The method also comprises a step of applying an absorption material (230) on the side of the first main surface (212) of the substrate (210). The absorption material (230) has a photostructurable resist that absorbs at least the emission wavelength. The method further comprises a step of processing the absorbing material (230) in order to lay bare at least one emission surface (227) of each emission device (220). In this case, a position determination of surfaces to be laid bare is carried out from a second main surface (214) of the substrate (210) opposite the first main surface (212). In addition, the method comprises a step of singulating the substrate (210) into a plurality of optical apparatuses (200) by means of a separating manufacturing process, wherein each optical apparatus (200) has at least one emission device (220).

In a method for lithography-based generative manufacturing of three-dimensional components, in which at least one beam emitted by an electromagnetic radiation source (2) is focused in succession onto a focal point within a material by means of an illumination device (3), whereby volume elements (13) of the material located at the focal point are each solidified by means of multiphoton absorption, the focal point is displaced in a z direction, wherein the z direction corresponds to the direction of incidence of the at least one beam into the material, wherein the displacement of the focal point in the z direction is carried out by means of at least one acousto-optic deflector (6) arranged in the beam path, in which an acoustic wave is generated, the frequency of which is periodically modulated.

Various embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a semiconductor structure comprising a first substrate comprising a first semiconductor material. A first optical sensor is disposed within the first substrate. The first optical sensor is configured to absorb electromagnetic radiation within a first wavelength range. A second optical sensor is disposed within an absorption structure located beneath the first substrate. The second optical sensor is configured to absorb electromagnetic radiation within a second wavelength range different from the first wavelength range. The absorption structure is located beneath the first optical sensor and comprises a second semiconductor material different from the first semiconductor material.

The invention discloses electronic equipment, and belongs to the technical field of electronics. The electromagnetic radiation absorption ratio sensing circuit in the electronic equipment comprises an electromagnetic radiation absorption ratio antenna, a clock unit and a calculation processing unit, the clock unit is connected with the calculation processing unit and is used for generating a plurality of sampling clocks and outputting the plurality of sampling clocks to the calculation processing unit in a time-sharing manner, and the clock cycles of any two sampling clocks are different; the calculation processing unit is connected with the electromagnetic radiation absorption ratio antenna and is used for receiving a radio frequency signal acquired by the electromagnetic radiation absorption ratio antenna when the loudspeaker is in a working state, sampling the radio frequency signal according to the received sampling clock to obtain a plurality of pieces of sampling data, and sending the plurality of pieces of sampling data to the electromagnetic radiation absorption ratio antenna; and processing the plurality of pieces of sampling data by adopting a digital post-processing algorithm to obtain a target detection value, wherein the target detection value is used for indicating the absorption amount of the human body on the radio frequency radiation of the electronic equipment.

A method including providing an acoustic resonator having an absorption element with a surface portion, providing a sample fluid or a fluid mixture containing the sample fluid with at least one absorption fluid or particles such that the acoustic resonator is filled with the same, the surface portion of the absorption element being in contact with the sample fluid. Irradiating the surface portion of the absorption element with a first electromagnetic radiation such that the absorption element at least partly absorbs the first electromagnetic radiation in the region of the surface portion, or irradiating the fluid mixture with a first electromagnetic radiation such that the absorption fluid or the absorption particles at least partly absorb(s) the first electromagnetic radiation, and so, by way of the absorption, pressure energy is generated in the sample fluid or the fluid mixture, with the first electromagnetic radiation being amplitude modulated or frequency modulated with a modulation frequency. Measuring an acoustic response signal from the acoustic resonator. Determining at least one amplitude or phase of the acoustic response signal.

The present disclosure provides various embodiments of imaging mask stacks, platforms for producing an imaging mask stack, and methods for lithographically patterning a substrate using an imaging mask stack, as described herein. An imaging mask stack in accordance with the present disclosure includes a relatively thin (e.g., 5 nm or less) photosensitive imaging layer formed on or above a thicker mask layer having a significantly higher etch selectivity (e.g., 1:10 or more) than the photosensitive imaging layer. In some embodiments, the imaging mask stack may include one or more additional thin film layers, such as a second photosensitive imaging layer and / or a sensitivity enhancement layer, which enhances absorption of electromagnetic radiation within the photosensitive imaging layer.

The present invention relates to a photodetector (3) comprising: a longitudinal portion (12) of a waveguide (11) comprising or formed of two waveguide segments (12a, 12b) extending at least substantially parallel to each other in the longitudinal direction and preferably spaced apart from each other in the transverse direction to form a gap (14) therebetween; and an active element (13) stacked on the longitudinal portion (12) of the waveguide and comprising or composed of at least one material that absorbs electromagnetic radiation of at least one wavelength and generates an electro-optic signal due to absorption, wherein each of the two waveguide segments (12a, 12b) is in contact with a gate electrode (15a, 15b) at least in some portions, on at least one side, particularly on the side facing the active element (14), the gate electrode (15a, 15b) preferably comprising or composed of silicon.

The present disclosure is directed to systems, device and methods for cancer ablation treatment of human and animal subjects through the application of a combination of electromagnetic sources, in particular, microwave and radio frequency radiation that are focused on a tumor harboring magnetic or other metallic nanoparticles to result in synergetic heating effect whereby the tumor is heated to ablative temperature due to the strong absorption of the nanoparticles while the surrounding healthy tissue is hardly affected.

The present disclosure provides various embodiments of imaging mask stacks, platforms for producing an imaging mask stack, and methods for lithographically patterning a substrate using an imaging mask stack, as described herein. An imaging mask stack in accordance with the present disclosure includes a relatively thin (e.g., 5 nm or less) photosensitive imaging layer formed on or above a thicker mask layer having a significantly higher etch selectivity (e.g., 1: 10 or more) than the photosensitive imaging layer. In some embodiments, the imaging mask stack may include one or more additional thin film layers, such as a second photosensitive imaging layer and / or a sensitivity enhancement layer, which enhances absorption of electromagnetic radiation within the photosensitive imaging layer.