55 results about "Absorption (electromagnetic radiation)" patented technology

The invention belongs to the technical field of hydrophobic electromagnetic shielding materials, and particularly relates to an asymmetric electromagnetic shielding composite film and a preparation method and application thereof. The PNTs are polypyrrole nanotubes, after Na2MoO4. 2H2O and CH4N2S are added and subjected to a high-temperature reaction, a MoS2 flower-shaped shell structure can grow on the PNTs, the layered structure and the high specific surface area of MoS2 contribute to enhancing scattering and absorption of electromagnetic waves, and rich defect sites can induce dielectric polarization to achieve dielectric loss. Introducing the PNTs (at) MoS2 core-shell nanowire as an electromagnetic wave absorbent into a polylactic acid / dichloromethane system, then putting the system into a culture container in which a conductive filler is pre-paved, and standing and volatilizing at room temperature by adopting an ethanol solution as a volatile agent to finally obtain a three-layer asymmetric electromagnetic shielding composite film comprising the conductive filler, the PNTs (at) MoS2 structure and a polylactic acid matrix from bottom to top. And an asymmetric conductive gradient network is constructed, and the EMI shielding performance which mainly focuses on absorption is remarkably improved, so that the secondary radiation problem of electromagnetic waves is reduced.

A system for heat conditioning an area of Earth includes an Earth-orbiting satellite. The satellite includes a power supply, a precursor gas supply, and one or more double helicon plasma beam generators coupled to the power supply and the gas supply and configured to generate a plasma and further configured with a magnetic nozzle to maintain a shape of the beam; therefore, the top surface area of the beam is maximized. The generated plasma provides enhanced electromagnetic waves absorption, reflection, and deflection of incoming solar light and electromagnetic radiation, thereby reducing the heat striking the area of the Earth.

An apparatus comprising a compact folded path cell for optical gas detection and / or measurement utilizing gas absorption spectroscopy. The apparatus includes an electromagnetic radiation source, a gas sample cell housing a reflector, and a detector for electromagnetic radiation. The source and detector are positioned between the reflector elements in a configuration that reflects the radiation away from the source and detector until the reflected radiation has a suitable optical path length, and then reflects the radiation towards the detector. Using spectroscopic analysis, the presence of at least one gas species in a gas sample can be determined and / or at least one parameter can be measured.

A calibration method includes receiving data characterizing a first pressure broadening coefficient, a second pressure broadening coefficient and a third pressure broadening coefficient of the target gas absorption associated with a first background gas, a second background gas and a third background gas, respectively. The method further includes, determining a molar ratio associated with the second background gas and the third background such that an effective pressure broadening coefficient associated with a target gas mixture including the second background gas and the third background gas mixed at the determined molar ratio is within a predetermined threshold of the first broadening coefficient. The target gas mixture further includes a target gas. The method also includes calibrating a gas analyzer using the target gas mixture to replace the calibration of the target in the first background gas. The calibration is based on absorption of electromagnetic radiation by the target gas in the target gas mixture.

An article includes a substrate with a surface, a coating disposed over the surface, and a subtractive colorant which absorbs electromagnetic radiation according to a specified absorption spectrum. The coating includes a binder material and a plurality of porous polymer particles having pores with a distribution of pore sizes adapted to scatter electromagnetic radiation in one or more specified wavelength bands, wherein the porous polymer particles have a shell which is impermeable to a liquid.

The invention relates to the field of electromagnetic shielding, and discloses a preparation method of flexible light-weight flame-retardant electromagnetic shielding cloth which comprises a base layer, electromagnetic shielding cloth and a flame-retardant layer. The base layer is made of a macromolecule flexible fiber material to provide flexibility and mechanical strength. According to the electromagnetic shielding cloth, a chemical plating and electroplating method is adopted, metal ions are reduced into atoms or molecules, the atoms or the molecules are deposited to form a metal film on the surface of the fabric, and the obtained electromagnetic radiation composite fabric not only has an excellent electromagnetic shielding effect, but also has good conductivity. And the flame-retardant layer is composed of a flame retardant and resin, so that the flame-retardant property is improved. The preparation method comprises the steps of preparation of the base layer, preparation of the electromagnetic shielding cloth and composite preparation of the flame-retardant layer. The invention relates to a preparation method of flexible light-weight flame-retardant electromagnetic shielding cloth, which comprises the following steps: designing and developing a functional integrated metal coating-based composite fabric through a composite hierarchical structure, exploring a reflection and absorption mechanism of electromagnetic waves on the functional composite fabric, and optimizing micro-structure parameters and designing flame retardance to obtain the flexible light-weight flame-retardant electromagnetic shielding cloth. And the electromagnetic radiation shielding composite fabric with full-segmentation electromagnetic shielding property and flame retardance is developed.

A method for efficient photocatalysis in which electric charge carriers are energetically excited upon absorption of electromagnetic radiation, characterized in that the charge carriers are separated by a pyroelectric field.

The invention relates to a method for the lithography-based additive manufacturing of a three-dimensional component, in which a beam emitted by an electromagnetic radiation source (3) is focused onto a focal point within a material (2) by means of an optical imaging unit (12) in order to introduce an exposure dose into the material (2), and the focal point is shifted by means of a deflection system positioned upstream of the imaging unit (12) in the beam path, and a volume element of the material (2) located at the focal point is solidified by means of multiphoton absorption, wherein the shifting of the focal point comprises a first movement component (18), namely an in particular continuous shifting along a main path, onto which a second movement component (21), namely a repeated transverse movement running transversely to the first movement component, is superimposed, and the exposure dose is modulated during the transverse movement.

An endovascular system for targeted photothermal ablation of perivascular nerves is disclosed. A catheter includes a fluid lumen communicating with outlet orifices, and an electromagnetic radiation emitter positioned within a support structure that apposes the array against a vessel wall. A proximal console independently controls irradiation and injection parameters. In use, a nanofluid comprising plasmonic nanoparticles, such as gold nanorods tuned for near-infrared absorption, is injected into or through the vascular wall and subsequently irradiated intraluminally; the nanofluid absorbs energy and converts it to heat to ablate adjacent nerve fibers while reducing non-target tissue heating.

Electromagnetic shields and methods are provided for electromagnetic shielding. The electromagnetic shields include a first material configured for reflection and / or absorption of electromagnetic radiation and that includes a polymer matrix with magnetic and / or conductive nanoparticles dispersed therein. The electromagnetic shield may be provided between a source of electromagnetic radiation and an object to provide the electromagnetic shielding to the object.

Organic optoelectronic component (100) comprising: - an organic layer sequence (1) with an active layer (10) for emission or absorption of electromagnetic radiation; - a thin-film encapsulation (2) on the organic layer sequence (1); - an absorption layer (4) on the organic layer sequence (1) which is designed to absorb and store a substance harmful to the organic layer sequence (1); - a transport layer (3) directly adjacent to the absorption layer (4), which is designed to transport the harmful substance, wherein - the transport layer (3) has a larger diffusion coefficient and / or a larger transmission rate for the harmful substance than the absorption layer (4) and the absorption layer (4) has a higher storage capacity for the harmful substance than the transport layer (3), so that upon contact with the transport layer (3) the harmful substance is distributed within the transport layer (3) and subsequently absorbed by the absorption layer (4), and - the active layer (10), the transport layer (3) and the absorption layer (4) overlap in a top view in one area.

A cooking vessel includes a cooking surface and a lower portion positioned below the cooking surface. A first material is disposed within the lower portion and is in thermal proximity to the cooking surface. The first material increases in temperature upon absorption of electromagnetic radiation. A second material is disposed within the lower portion and in thermal proximity to the cooking surface. An electrical current is induced in the second material upon exposure to an electromagnetic field. Both the first material and the second material are configured to heat the cooking surface of the cooking vessel when used in a microwave oven or on an induction cooktop, respectively.

Metamaterial devices for optical absorption, dispersion and directional sensing include optically transparent prisms made of a wide range optically transparent material, the prisms comprising a lens surface that is exposed to a source of electromagnetic radiation, with the other surfaces of the prism adjacent to a sensing device, a reflective surface and / or an optical absorption surface. Absorption devices are configured to trap and absorb the electromagnetic radiation that enters the lens surface. Dispersion devices are configured to scatter the electromagnetic radiation that enters the lens surface and the infrared radiation that radiates from an object and through the prism towards the lens surface. The directional sensing devices are configured to selectively detect electromagnetic radiation entering the device at a target angle.

The invention relates to an optical system, in particular for microlithography, and to a method for operating an optical system. According to an aspect of the invention, the optical system comprises at least one mirror (100, 500, 600) having an optically effective surface (101, 501, 601) and a mirror substrate (110, 510, 610), wherein at least one cooling channel (115, 515, 615) in which a cooling fluid can flow is arranged in the mirror substrate for dissipating heat generated in the mirror substrate as a result of the absorption of electromagnetic radiation incident on the optically effective surface from a light source, and an adjustment unit (135, 535, 635) for adjusting the temperature and / or flow rate of the cooling fluid as a function of a measured variable characterizing the thermal loading in the mirror substrate or as a function of an estimated thermal loading expected in the mirror substrate at a given power of the light source.

A communication system is disclosed where information is embedded in the frequency of an optical electromagnetic radiation carrier, and concurrently, information is embedded in the amplitude of the optical electromagnetic radiation carrier. The electromagnetic radiation carrier is then propagated and collected by a receiver. The receiver is composed of a demodulator that can determine frequency of the electromagnetic carrier independently of carrier amplitude. The demodulator then extracts information from the electromagnetic carrier frequency and amplitude. The demodulator utilizes dispersion adjacent to absorption in paramagnetic vapors to determine frequency, and can also measure signal amplitude.

An apparatus includes a compact folded path unit for optical gas detection and / or measurement using gas absorption spectroscopy. The apparatus includes a source (1601) of electromagnetic radiation, a gas sample unit (1606) housing reflective elements (1604, 1605), and an electromagnetic radiation detector (1602). The source (1601) and the detector (1602) are arranged between the reflective elements (1604, 1605) in an arrangement that reflects radiation away from the source (1601) and the detector (1602) until the reflected radiation has a sufficient optical path length, and then reflects radiation towards the detector (1602). Spectral analysis may be used to determine the presence of at least one gas within a gas sample and / or to measure at least one parameter of the at least one gas.

The invention discloses electromagnetic shielding mortar for a wall surface and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of building materials, the electromagnetic shielding mortar is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100-120 parts of cement, 65-75 parts of quartz sand, 100-150 parts of metal ore sand, 30-40 parts of surface modified superfine graphene powder, 50-60 parts of inorganic glass body powder, 25-35 parts of silver ion powder and 20-25 parts of superfine silver silk fiber. According to the invention, an absorption-reflection-capacitance three-layer cooperative shielding mechanism is constructed, so that unprecedented broadband efficient electromagnetic shielding is realized. The magnetic metal ore sand serves as an absorption layer, and electromagnetic wave energy is converted into heat energy through magnetic loss; the silver silk fibers and the silver ion powder form a multi-dimensional conductive network as a reflecting layer, so that electromagnetic waves are efficiently reflected; the ultra-fine graphene powder forms a micro-capacitance structure with the huge specific surface area, energy is consumed through dielectric polarization relaxation, the industrial problem of electromagnetic radiation leakage of buildings with special functions is solved, and reliable electromagnetic safety protection is provided for the surrounding environment.

Photosensitive devices and associated methods are provided. In one aspect, for example, a photosensitive imager device can include a semiconductor substrate having multiple doped regions forming at least one junction, a textured region coupled to the semiconductor substrate and positioned to interact with electromagnetic radiation, and an electrical transfer element coupled to the semiconductor substrate and operable to transfer an electrical signal from the at least one junction. In one aspect, the textured region is operable to facilitate generation of an electrical signal from the detection of infrared electromagnetic radiation. In another aspect, interacting with electromagnetic radiation further includes increasing the semiconductor substrate's effective absorption wavelength as compared to a semiconductor substrate lacking a textured region.

A photoacoustic gas sensor device for determining a value indicative of the presence or concentration of a component in a gas, comprising a measurement cell (2) enclosing a measurement volume (3) and a gas-permeable region (4) in the measurement cell (2) for letting gas into the measurement volume (3). An electromagnetic radiation source (7) is arranged to emit electromagnetic radiation (8) into the measurement volume (3), and a pressure sensor (6) is arranged to measure acoustic waves (9) generated by the component in response to absorption of the electromagnetic radiation (8) by the component in the measurement volume (3). In one aspect, the gas-permeable region (4) is represented by a porous gas-permeable membrane (5) having an average pore size between 10 nm and 1 µm. In another aspect, the gas-permeable region (4) is represented by a region of the measurement cell (2) comprising a hole (211) through other gas-tight material of the measurement cell (2), the hole (211) having a diameter between 100 nm and 10 µm.

This application discloses a method for preparing a MoSe2 / nitrogen-doped expanded graphite composite electromagnetic wave absorbing material. Melamine is used as the nitrogen source, and after mixing and grinding with expandable graphite, nitrogen-doped expanded graphite is obtained by high-temperature annealing. Sodium molybdate dihydrate and selenium powder are dissolved in hydrazine hydrate to obtain solution A. The nitrogen-doped expanded graphite is dispersed in a mixture of deionized water and ethanol to obtain mixture B. Solution A and mixture B are mixed and transferred to a high-pressure reactor for hydrothermal reaction. After filtration, washing, and drying, the composite material is obtained. In this material, MoSe2 is uniformly grown in flower-shaped nanosheets between the layers and on the surface of the three-dimensional porous worm-like nitrogen-doped expanded graphite. The preparation process of this application is simple and low-cost. The resulting composite material achieves a minimum reflection loss of -43.6 dB at a 5% filler content and an effective absorption bandwidth of 8.2 GHz, which can be applied in the fields of radar stealth, electromagnetic compatibility protection, and electromagnetic radiation absorption.

An optoelectronic semiconductor module (1) comprises a light source (10) having at least one semiconductor emitter (100) and a photovoltaic module (20) having at least one photovoltaic element (200) arranged on a substrate (210). The light source (10) is configured to emit first electromagnetic radiation. The photovoltaic module (20) is configured to convert at least a portion of the optical power of the first electromagnetic radiation into electrical power, and the photovoltaic module (20) comprises an absorbing buffer layer (220).

The invention relates to a method for estimating the germination properties of plant seeds, comprising the following method steps: a) providing a plurality of separate plant seed portions, each comprising at least one plant seed, b) producing or providing a test composition comprising: i) water, ii) a two-stage redox indicator, and iii) a fermenting microorganism, c) bringing the plant seed portions into contact with a respective test volume of test composition in order to obtain a plurality of separate test systems, and incubating the test systems, d) measuring the test compositions of the incubated test systems using an optical measuring method in order to determine the optical absorption properties of the respective test compositions for electromagnetic radiation at at least a first wavelength λ1 and a second wavelength λ2 for the purpose of obtaining a plurality of absorption data records assigned to the respective test systems, wherein the absorption data records comprise information about the absorption properties of the respective test compositions at the first wavelength λ1 and the second wavelength λ2, with λ1 and λ2 differing by 10 nm or more, e) evaluating the absorption data records assigned to the test systems for the purpose of estimating the germination properties of the plant seeds in the respective plant seed portions using a machine learning-based estimation module.

An electromagnetic wave-absorbing adhesive tape, comprising a layer of an adhesive compound containing 0.1 to 10 wt% carbon nanotubes, reliably absorbs electromagnetic radiation, particularly in the frequency range used for radar sensors (electromagnetic waves with a frequency of 60 to 100 GHz), and is simultaneously easy to attach to a sensor. It thus combines absorption and adhesive properties and is therefore particularly suitable for mounting sensors, for example in motor vehicles, as it enables the suppression of interference noise, which is common and reduces the detection accuracy of the sensors.

A method for calibrating a photoacoustic system (100) for detecting the concentration of fluids, said method comprising a step of prearranging a photoacoustic system for fluids (100) comprising a support (105) arranged to receive a fluid to be examined, a primary optical source (110), a secondary optical source (120), an electronic system comprising a control unit arranged to drive the primary optical source (110) and the secondary optical source (120) by means of two respective periodic signals s1(t) and s2(t), an acoustic transducer (130) arranged to acquire an acoustic response signal p M . The method also comprises the steps of selecting a fluid to be examined having a plurality of absorption peaks p i in the electromagnetic spectrum, associated with corresponding wavelengths λi, with i = 1,2,..., n; in the plurality of absorption peaks p i , selecting an absorption peak p* associated with a corresponding wavelength λ*; defining a first wavelength interval between two end wavelengths λ*1A and λ*1B, where λ*1A <λ*<λ*1B; defining a second wavelength interval between two end wavelengths λ*2A and λ*2B, where λ*2A <λ*<λ*2B, and where λ*2A < λ*1A and λ*2B > λ*1B; by the primary optical source (110), transmitting toward the support (105), without fluid, an electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength λ1, such that λ*1A < λ1 < λ*1B; by the secondary optical source (120), transmitting toward the support (105), without fluid, an electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength λ2, such that λ2 < λ*2A or λ2 > λ*2B; by the acoustic transducer (130), acquiring an acoustic response signal p M = p w1 +p w2 ; iterating the steps of variation of the values of I2 and φ2, emission of the electromagnetic radiations having wavelengths λ1 and λ2, acquisition of the acoustic response signal p M = p w1 +p w2 ; suspending the iteration when the condition p M = p* M is reached, where p* M is a predetermined value.

The invention provides a magnetic active coating for reducing high-frequency broadband electromagnetic radiation, the magnetic active coating comprises coating powder and an emulsion, the coating powder is rare earth ceramic powder with a spinel perovskite cage crystal structure, and the weight ratio of the coating powder to the emulsion is (27-30): (22-25). The magnetic active coating disclosed by the invention forms a spinel perovskite cage type crystal structure, and the structure becomes a nano porous magnetic active carrier and a nano wave-absorbing tunnel structure. Due to the characteristics, the magnetic active coating can absorb a wide frequency range of high-frequency electromagnetic waves, and the energy conversion agent and the activating agent amplifying agent in the raw materials composed of the spinel perovskite cage type crystal structure have a synergistic effect, so that the excellent effects that the electric heat energy conversion rate is high, water vapor and oxygen conveying channels are provided, and the service life of the coating is prolonged are achieved. And the coating absorbs indoor high-frequency electromagnetic waves, releases active oxygen, purifies indoor air, radiates low-frequency electromagnetic waves, and keeps an indoor constant-temperature effect.

An optoelectronic device (1) for generating a sequence of random numbers is provided, comprising: an emitter (10) configured to emit pulses of primary electromagnetic radiation (12) during operation, a conversion layer (20) configured to absorb the primary electromagnetic radiation (12) and emit secondary electromagnetic radiation (22) in response to the absorption, a receiver (30) configured to receive the secondary electromagnetic radiation (22), and a control element (40) coupled to the receiver (30), the control element (40) being configured to evaluate, at each pulse of the primary electromagnetic radiation (12), whether an amount of secondary electromagnetic radiation (22) received by the receiver (30) exceeds a predetermined threshold (Vth), and whether it represents a number.which is linked to a result of the evaluation, and appends to the sequence of random numbers. Furthermore, an optoelectronic system (100) and a method for generating a sequence of random numbers are provided.

A heat dissipation method comprising: providing a superconducting electronic circuit; applying a thin-film coating over a surface of the circuit, wherein the thin-film coating is mostly transparent to broadband electromagnetic radiation, has a thickness of less than 100 nanometers, and is designed to dissipate visible-spectrum radiation so as to reduce radiative heat absorption by the circuit; and enclosing the thin-film-coated circuit within a broadband-frequency-transparent enclosure that is capable of maintaining superconducting conditions within the enclosure such that the circuit is exposed to broadband-frequency radiation emanating from a location outside of the enclosure.

Robust designs for radiation absorption systems are described here that allows for efficient absorption over the widest range of electromagnetic frequencies. The radiation absorption systems have been designed that utilize photon capture by electrons that are primed to capture photons with maximum efficiency by maximizing the photon capture probability. Optimum potential fields along with very low temperatures and high pressure may be utilized for the purpose. Electric blackholes utilized make it possible to absorb electromagnetic radiation over the widest range of frequencies. The systems and techniques detailed here can also be utilized for measuring various properties of different types of blackholes such as gravitational, electric, and electro-gravitational blackholes. These techniques also allow us to track photon state after it gets absorbed by an atom.Procedures / mechanisms are described for measurements of electronic collision relaxation time, effective mass of an electron, photon penetration depth, and Zero Inductance Electron Separation.

The present invention relates to a photodetector (3) comprising: a longitudinal portion (12) of a waveguide (11) which comprises or is formed by two waveguide segments (12a, 12b), which extend at least substantially parallel to one another in the longitudinal direction and are preferably distanced from one another in the transverse direction, forming a gap (14) between them; and an active element (13), which overlies the longitudinal portion (12) of the waveguide and comprises at least one material or consists of at least one material that absorbs electromagnetic radiation of at least one wavelength and generates an electric photosignal as a result of the absorption, the two waveguide segments (12a, 12b) each being in contact, at least in some portions, on at least one side, in particular on the side facing the active element (14), with a gate electrode (15a, 15b) which preferably comprises silicon or consists of silicon.

The invention relates to a method for controlling a forming unit of a container production plant for producing containers by forming, in particular by stretch blow molding, preforms made of thermoplastic material, the preforms being passed through a thermal conditioning unit, in which the preforms are exposed to heating electromagnetic radiation, and the forming unit, the invention relates to a method for forming preforms in a moulding unit, in which each preform is placed in a mould of a blowing station, and then the preforms are subjected to a drawing force of a drawing rod and at least one pressure of a moulding fluid, comprising at least the following steps: a first step (E1) of measuring the absorption spectrum and / or emission spectrum of the preform walls before the preforms enter said moulding unit; a second step (E2) of determining at least one blow molding parameter from the measurement of the absorption spectrum and / or emission spectrum of the first step (E1); and a third application step (E3) in which the blow molding parameters are applied to the blow molding station.