The invention relates to a fluorescent polarization based homogeneous phase detection method of a single nucleotide polymorphism of a codon118 of an ERCC1 (excision repair cross-complementing 1) gene. The homogeneous phase detection method solves the problems of high cost, complicated operating steps, proneness to causing contamination and influence on detection result accuracy in the prior art, and is simple in steps, easy to operate, not prone to causing contamination as operation can be completed once in a closed tube, and low in cost as any special reagent and fluorescence quenching or micro-groove binding agent are not needed. Application of a specific probe with single end marked to detection of the single nucleotide polymorphism of the codon118 of the ERCC1 gene results in changes of fluorescent polarization values and enables detection results to be more objective and accurate. Result analysis is simple as only numeric comparison is needed in result judgment, and the homogeneous phase detection method can easily realize standardization and automation, is wide in application range and can be used for detecting clinical blood or tissue specimens.