65 results about "Pigeon breast" patented technology

The invention discloses a feed formula for 1-5 day-old pigeons and a preparation method thereof, which belongs to the field of animal nutrition and is composed according to the following weight percentages: 8%-18% corn, 36%-40% soybean meal, 4%-7% Fish meal, 16%-26% corn gluten meal, 5%-7% soybean oil, 3%-4% mineral salt, 4.5%-5.5% multidimensional compound, 0.1%-0.3% prebiotic, 1%-3% compound enzyme , 0.1%-0.3% Met, 0.1%-0.4% Lys, 5%-5.8% Glucose. The preparation method of the compound feed comprises: heating and denaturing the protein source feed raw materials, heating and gelatinizing the starch feed, adding water and other feed ingredients to make the compound feed for squabs. The feeding experiment proves that the formula has good palatability, the size and specifications of the pigeons are relatively consistent, the growth rate is appropriate, and the feed cost is low. The feed made by using this feed formula can completely replace the natural feeding of the parent pigeons, and can realize the complete artificial feeding of the pigeons.

The invention discloses feed additive for young pigeons and belongs to the field of feed production and processing. As the effect of the existing feed additive is not obvious, the nutrition conversion rate is low, and the nutrients are not complete, the invention provides feed additive for young pigeons, which is prepared from methionine, lysine, salt, calcium hydrophosphate, calcium and zinc, compound multi-vitamin vitamin, micro-supplementation shengmingjian, 21 super-vitamin, double insurance, soy isolate protein, amidogen vitamin and multiplex vitamin of electrolyte. The feed additive has the effects of promoting animal growth and improving the survival rate.

The invention discloses pigeon feed, and in particular discloses a pigeon milk substitute as well as a preparation method and feeding method thereof, belonging to the technical field of special animal feeds. The pigeon milk substitute comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 30%-40% of skimmed milk powder, 5%-8% of glucose, 15%-20% of peanut oil, 25%-30% of rice protein powder, 2%-3% of calcium powder, 1%-2% of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 2%-2.5% of sodium chloride, 2%-2.5% of glutamine, 2.5%-3.0% of an emulsifier, 0.5%-0.8% of a yeast extract and 1% of a compound premix. The pigeon milk substitute disclosed by the invention, by combining various trace elements and vitamins, is more scientific and more comprehensive compared to independent use of one or more trace elements or vitamins; complete feed is prepared by combining various components, which is beneficial to popularization and use of the substitute; the pigeon milk substitute can meet nutrient substances required by young pigeons in growth period, increase fat digestibility and utilization rate, improve immunity and stress resistance of the young pigeons, supplement high protein and high fat required by the young pigeons, and can completely replace natural pigeon milk; and meanwhile, the pigeon milk substitute is quite convenient to use, and is beneficial to mass popularization.

The present invention relates to a pressure regulation type children pigeon breast appliance. The pressure regulation type children pigeon breast appliance is provided with a chest orthopedic stand, a fixing strap, a pressure fixing plate, a pressure monitoring gauge, fixing tying belts, tying belt fixing buttons and fixing shoulder straps, wherein two ends of the fixing strap are connected with the fixing tying belts, two ends of the chest orthopedic stand are connected with the tying belt fixing buttons, the tying belt fixing buttons coordinate with the fixing tying belts, the fixing shoulder straps are connected between the chest orthopedic stand and the fixing strap, inner sides of both the chest orthopedic stand and the fixing strap are provided with liners, the pressure monitoring gauge is disposed at an outer side face of the chest orthopedic stand, the pressure fixing plate is disposed at the inner side face of the chest orthopedic stand, and a thin film pressure sensor is disposed on the inner surface of the pressure fixing plate. The pressure regulation type children pigeon breast appliance has the advantages that the orthopedic pressure can be displayed and is adjustable, chest wall stressed situations can be monitored, the chest wall pressure degree can be conveniently adjusted, and tissue injuries caused by excessive pressure are prevented.

The invention discloses an epidemic prevention method for pigeon breeding. The epidemic prevention method include the following steps of 1, artificial incubation, wherein an egg illuminating mode, an egg turning mode and an egg airing mode are adopted; 2, brooding, wherein nestling pigeons are put in an incubator, and the temperature of the incubator is adjusted; 3, vaccine injection, wherein the pigeons at different growth stages are subjected to vaccine injection of different varieties in different modes; 4, non-reactive feed feeding, wherein young pigeons and adult pigeons are fed; 5, washing modes, wherein bathing of different modes is carried out according to the change of four seasons. The epidemic prevention capacity of the pigeons is improved, and the death rate of the pigeons is reduced.

The invention provides a feed for a newly-born squab. The feed comprises the following components by mass: 45 to 50 parts of corn, 10 to 15 parts of millet, 8 to 10 parts of rice, 1 to 2 parts of brown rice, 0.1 to 0.2 part of Radix Astragali, 1 to 2 parts of egg yolk, 1 to 2 parts of milk powder, 0.8 to 1.2 part of safflower seed, 0.03 to 0.05 part of composite vitamin and 0.1 to 0.3 part of egg shell. Since the feed has comprehensive nutrients and is easy to digest, the newly-born squab has good physique and rarely suffers from disease after eating the feed; moreover, the newly-born squab need not to feed with milk of a mother pigeon, so the egg laying period of the mother pigeon is shortened.

The invention discloses a feed formula of young pigeons and a preparation method of the feed formula. The feed formula consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 to 40 parts of corns, 25 to 35 parts of bean pulps, 20 to 30 parts of peanut cakes, 10 to 15 parts of pine needle meals, 5 to 10 parts of glucose, 5 to 8 parts of methionine, 7 to 10 parts of bone powder, 3 to 5 parts of edible salt, 3 to 4 parts of Jianweixiaoshi tablets, 2 to 4 parts of probiotics, 2 to 3 parts of vitamins, 2 to 3 parts of plant oil, 1 to 3 parts of vermiculite and 1 to 2 parts of a traditional Chinese herb additive. The feed of young pigeons is reasonable in the formula and contains comprehensive nutritional components, so that the feed is high in palatability, easy to digest and suitable for being eaten by the young pigeons. The ratio of feed to meat of the young pigeons is 1.83-1.75: 1, so that the survival rate can be increased favorably; the used raw materials are stably available in sources and low in cost, so that the cost can be reduced by 30 percent.

The invention discloses a breeding method of a non-antibiotic meat pigeon, which comprises the following steps: (1) selecting a breeding place; (2) bathing of pigeon; (3) lighting in winter; (4) feeding management: pigeons of 1-15 days are fed by the parent pigeon breast, feeding the pigeon with the first feed; pigeons of 15-32 days mainly fed by pigeon breast, supplemented with artificial feeding, and the pigeon is artificially fed to the second feed; pigeons over 32 days of, the meat pigeon was fed with the third feed. The meat pigeon provided by the invention has the advantages of good health, good and healthy meat, less illness; no use of antibiotics, thus the meet is more suitable for people to eat.

The invention provides an assorted breed production method of colorful-feather white-skin meat pigeons. The assorted breed production method comprises the following steps of: in an assorted line, a male parent adopts a colorful-feather line male pigeon, a female parent adopts a white-feather line female pigeon, and the male parent and the female parent are independently subjected to molecular sex determination at 15 ages in days and cloaca sex determination at 5 ages of the month; and the screened male parent and the screened female parent are independently adopted to carry out 1:1 hybridization to produce a qualified offspring, and assorted breed production is carried out to obtain a commodity young pigeon, wherein the colorful-feather line of the male parent is from the European meat pigeon colored mirthys line, and the white-feather line female pigeon of the female parent is cultured through the following method that the European meat pigeon white mirthys line is taken as the male line of the female parent and Shiqi pigeons are taken as the female line. The pairing success rate of parental breeding pigeons obtained by the assorted breed production method disclosed by the invention is high and is higher than the pairing success rate of a traditional pairing way by 10%, and production efficiency is improved. Meanwhile, the produced colorful-feather white-skin pigeon has a good body shape, a high dressing percentage, the plump chest muscle, a high growth speed, the white skin, the white mouth and the red toes, and has a higher growth speed than common white-feather products.

The invention discloses an elastic pigeon breast correction instrument which comprises an elastic pressing plate and a fixing binding belt. The elastic pressing plate comprises a shell and at least one elastic mechanism, a binding belt through hole is formed in the shell, and the fixing binding belt can fix the elastic pressing plate to the pigeon breast protruding portion for in vitro correction after penetrating through the binding belt through hole. After the elastic pigeon breast correction instrument is worn, the elastic mechanisms can generate elastic deformation after being subjected to external force action, a dynamic fitting relationship is formed between the elastic pressing plate and the outline of a pigeon breast protrusion, therefore, it is guaranteed that the elastic pigeon breast correction instrument can continuously exert moderate working pressure in the exercise process, the correction pressure deficiency caused by contraction motion of the thoracic cavity cannot occur, and the excessive correction pressure caused by expansion motion of the thoracic cavity also cannot occur to cause tissue damage. In addition, due to the fact that the elastic mechanisms can generate elastic deformation, no matter what the outline shape of the pigeon breast protrusion is, the elastic pressing plate and the outline of the pigeon breast protrusion can achieve automatic fitting.

The invention provides a children pigeon breast correction device, belongs to the technical field of medical instruments for thoracic surgery, and solves a technical problem that the pigeon breast cannot be effectively corrected due to nonstandard correction exercise actions of existing children pigeon breast patients. The child pigeon breast correction device comprises a supporting mechanism, a pushing mechanism and a pressing mechanism, wherein the supporting mechanism comprises a backup plate, the pushing mechanism comprises two hollow columns, pressure springs are arranged at front ends of the two hollow columns, through sliding grooves are formed in the side faces of the two hollow columns, a pushing column is arranged between the two sliding grooves in a sliding frame mode, two ends of the pushing column extend out of the two sliding grooves and are connected with handles correspondingly, a groove is further formed in the pushing column, a rotating shaft is arranged in the groove, and a pressing mechanism is hinged to the rotating shaft. The device is advantaged in that the exercise standard of the child patient is standardized, and the exercise correction effect of the child pigeon breast patient is improved.

The invention relates to the technical field of young pigeon processing, in particular to a method used for preparing young pigeon freeze-dried powder. As the young pigeons eaten by people at present are processed by a plurality of cooking methods, which not only destroys most of nutrient components, but also causes the storage and eating of the cooked pigeon difficult owing to the cooking method, only 30 percent of the nutrient components can be absorbed by people after eating. The invention provides the method which can used for preparing the young pigeon freeze-dried powder and for chronically and completely preserving the color, smell, taste, and nutrient components of the young pigeons, and moreover, the young pigeon prepared by the method can be used conveniently and absorbed easily. After the young pigeon is processed by such processes as vacuum cooling drying, ultra-low temperature grinding and the like, the nutrient components of the young pigeons can be effectively and chronically preserved, thus being beneficial for further deep processing.

The invention discloses fish belly pigeon thick soup and a making method thereof. The fish belly pigeon thick soup is made from the following raw materials in parts by weight of 15-31 parts of young pigeon meat, 26-30 parts of lean meat, 1.5-3.5 parts of fish bellies, 1.3-4.2 parts of snow fungi, 1-6 parts of table salt, 1-3 parts of monosodium glutamate, 0.02-0.05 part of I+G, 0.2-0.6 part of powdered sugar, 0.8-3 parts of maltodextrin, 15-20 parts of tapioca starch, 0.15-0.40 part of dry scallions and 100-200 parts of water. According to the fish belly pigeon thick soup, the pigeons and thefish bellies are made into the thick soup, so that the fish belly pigeon thick soup has the characteristics of being low in fat, low in cholesterol, high in nutrient value, outstanding in health-careefficacy and unique in flavor; and besides, the fish belly pigeon thick soup has the characteristics of being eatable instantly, convenient, good in reconstituability and good in mouth feel, and nutrient characteristics and diversity of instant foods are enriched. The invention further discloses the making method of the fish belly pigeon thick soup. The method has the characteristics of being mature in making technology, simple to operate, nutritive and safe.

The invention discloses a pediatric pigeon breast corrective training device for cardiothoracic surgery departments. The pediatric pigeon breast corrective training device comprises a mounting seat, aBluetooth receiver, an open-source single-chip microcomputer and a power mechanism are mounted on the lateral side of the mounting seat, the power mechanism is connected with a connection seat through a pull strap, a protection device is mounted on the mounting seat corresponding to the pull strap, and a monitoring device and an auxiliary correction device are mounted on the lateral side of the connection seat. The pediatric pigeon breast corrective training device has advantages that the pull force of the pull strap is adjusted through the power mechanism to dilate the chest so as to realizepigeon breast correction, the defect of failure in own correction of children due to low physical strength is avoided, time saving and labor saving are realized through power control, auxiliary correction is realized through the auxiliary correction device, service performances of the pediatric pigeon breast corrective training device are greatly improved, and friction between the pull strap in acontraction process and a child body is avoided through the protection device, so that design reasonability is guaranteed.

The invention belongs to the field of feed production and processing. The conventional feed additive is not obvious in effect, the nutrition conversion ratio is low and the nutrition conversion is incomplete, therefore the feed additive for yound pigeons is provided. The feed additive is prepared from methionine, lysine, table salt, calcium hydrophosphate, calcium and zinc, compound vitamin, vitamins with minerals tablets (21), aminovita and multiplex vitamin of electrolyte. The feed additive has the effects of promoting animal growth and improving the survival rate.

The invention discloses a bionic artificial feeding machine for young pigeons. The bionic artificial feeding machine comprises a mixing and crushing tank, a stirring motor, a conveying pump, a power supply, a feed pipe, a heater, a main console and a bionic feeding gun, wherein the mixing and crushing tank is connected with the stirring motor; the conveying pump is arranged at one side of the stirring motor; the power supply is arranged at the bottom parts of the stirring motor and the conveying pump; the main console is arranged at one side of the mixing and crushing tank; a through hole capable of being opened or closed is arranged at the bottom part of the mixing and crushing tank; one end of the feed pipe is connected with the through hole; the other end of the feed pipe penetrates through the conveying pump to be connected with the bionic feeding gun; and the heater is arranged on the feed pipe. The bionic artificial feeding machine provided by the invention can realize heat preservation, accurate feeding and autonomous feeding of a young pigeon feed, reduces the workload of artificial feeding of the young pigeons and reduces the feeding cost of the young pigeons.

The invention discloses a pigeon breast rehabilitation massage physiotherapy instrument, which is characterized in that the physiotherapy instrument includes a rehabilitation band and a physiotherapy device, two ends of the rehabilitation band are provided with interlocking pieces respectively, the inner side of the rehabilitation band is provided with a fixing band, the fixing band is internally provided with a far infrared heating plate, a pressing plate and an air bag in sequence from inside to outside, the pressing plate and the far infrared heating plate are arranged in a pressing plate bag in a sleeved manner, and the far infrared heating plate and the air bag are connected with a circuit board inside the physiotherapy device and an air pump through a connecting line and a pipeline respectively. The beneficial effects of the pigeon breast rehabilitation massage physiotherapy instrument are that 1. preventative use reduces the occurrence rate of ''pigeon breast'' complications of a child after a congenital heart disease center thoracotomy; 2. correction can be performed on a child patient who has ''pigeon breast'' complications after a congenital heart disease surgery; and 3. the use cost is low and no complications occur.

The invention provides a feed for a newly-born squab. The feed comprises the following components by mass: 50 to 55 parts of corn, 10 to 15 parts of millet, 2 to 5 parts of pea, 1 to 2 parts of soybean, 1 to 2 parts of mung bean, 1 to 2 parts of brown rice, 0.1 to 0.2 part of Radix Astragali, 0.2 to 0.4 part of lysine, 0.4 to 0.6 part of methionine, 1.1 to 1.5 parts of safflower seed, 0.03 to 0.05 part of composite vitamin and 0.2 to 0.4 part of egg shell. Since the feed has comprehensive nutrients and is easy to digest, the newly-born squab has good physique and rarely suffers from disease; moreover, the newly-born squab need not to feed with milk of a mother pigeon, so the egg laying period of the mother pigeon is shortened.

The invention discloses a making method of braised young pigeons. The making method comprises the following steps: (1) putting cleaned young pigeons into a pickling agent, and performing pickling for3-5 h; (2) putting the pickled young pigeons into marinating soup, performing marinating for 1-3 h, and then performing air drying in an air blowing dryer at 40-45 DEG C for 20-60 min; (3) preparing crispy water; (4) uniformly coating the air-dried young pigeons with the crispy water, blowing the young pigeons with weak wind for 1 min by using a blower, then coating the young pigeons with the crispy water again, and blowing the young pigeons with weak wind for 0.5 min by using the blower; and (5) performing oil spraying on the blow-dried young pigeons at 170-190 DEG C for 5-10 min to obtain the braised young pigeons. The average score of flavor evaluation of the braised young pigeons obtained through the making method of braised young pigeons is 9.50, the protein content is 23.16%, the fatcontent is 12.13%, and 53 flavor substances, including 16 aldehydes, 5 ketones, 6 alcohols, 7 esters, 2 acids and 17 other flavor substances, are detected through solid phase microextraction. The braised young pigeons have natural, red and bright color, mellow taste and fragrant and sweet mouthfeel.

The invention mainly relates to the technical field of foods and discloses a braised sweet-scented osmanthus pigeon. The braised sweet-scented osmanthus pigeon is prepared from the following raw materials: a young pigeon, sugared sweet-scented osmanthus, konjac starch, Angel brewer's yeasts, scorched sugar liquid, salting materials, barley extract and kava root extract. The braised sweet-scented osmanthus pigeon is strong in sweet-scented osmanthus aroma, delicious, tender and salty-sweet palatable, the cooking method of the braised pigeon is enriched, and the economic income is increased by 14.2%; the plant extract is added into the young pigeon and is rolled and frozen, so that the extract fully penetrates into tissue cells, the flavor and nutrition are increased, the health functions are enhanced, and the pigeon flavor is maintained; when the pigeon is fermented by the Angel brewer's yeasts, the mellow taste is increased, the fat content is reduced, and the meat smell is removed, so that the meat is tender; the pigeon is salted by the salting materials and then directly heated, and the scorched sugar liquid is added after boiling, so that the color and flavor of the pigeon are increased; after one-time curing, the pigeon is smeared with the sugared sweet-scented osmanthus and konjac starch for steaming, so that the nutrition is maintained. Therefore, the pigeon meat is deep red brown in color, strong in sweet-scented osmanthus flavor and delicious in meat, a complete young pigeon is kept, and the braised sweet-scented osmanthus pigeon is attractive in appearance.

The invention discloses a method for preparing coconut-flavor braised young pigeon. The method comprises the following steps: (1) selecting a young pigeon with short growth period, soaking the young pigeon in clear water for 15 to 25 minutes, and immediately putting the young pigeon into cold water for cooling after boiling and scalding the young pigeon; (2) putting the cooled young pigeon into apickling agent, performing pickling for 3 to 4 hours, and turning the raw materials up and down once every half hour; (3) stewing: washing the young pigeon, draining the young pigeon, putting the young pigeon into bittern soup for stewing, maintaining a slightly boiling state, and completely soaking the young pigeon in the bittern soup; (4) uniformly coating the young pigeon with skin crisping water, and performing drying in the air; (5) frying the young pigeon at 150-190 DEG C; and (6) and coating the surface of the pigeon with a layer of coconut oil so as to obtain the coconut-flavor braisedyoung pigeon. The sensory evaluation score of the product obtained by the invention is 9.5, and the color difference is 1.90. 45 kinds of volatile flavor components are detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and include 15 kinds of alkenes, 9 kinds of aldehydes, 5 kinds of alcohols, 4 kinds of ketones, wherein the alkenes and aldehydes are the main aroma components of the braised pigeon.

The present invention discloses a core material of pigeon edible health-care sand for improving immunity and egg production. The core material is prepared from the following raw materials in percentages by mass: trace elements 0.1-1%, probiotics 1-3%, phytase 10-20%, liquorice powder 0.1-0.5%, herba houttuyniae powder 0.01-0.2%, garlicin powder 0.1-0.5%, compound multi-vitamins 0.1-1%, compound amino acids 0.1-1%, calcium hydrogen phosphate 10%-20% and shell powder 60-75%. The core material is prepared by scientific and nutritional proportioning, and is stable in nutrient and convenient for feeding; with the addition of Chinese herbal medicine components and the reasonable proportion of nutrient elements, the core material can promote growth and development of pigeons and increase the egg production of egg-laying pigeon breeders, and can be widely used in the full period of pigeon growth and the egg-laying period of the egg-laying pigeon breeders.

The invention provides a preparation method for a feed used for a newly-born squab. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) weighing the following components by mass: 50 to 55 parts of corn, 3 to 5 parts of rice, 6 to 8 parts of millet, 1 to 2 parts of pea, 1 to 2 parts of soybean, 1 to 2 parts of black rice, 1 to 2 parts of brown rice, 0.5 to 0.8 part of bean dregs, 0.2 to 0.3 part of bamboo bean, 0.1 to 0.2 part of licorice, 0.2 to 0.4 part of lysine, 0.4 to 0.6 part of methionine, 1.1 to 1.5 parts of safflower seed and 0.03 to 0.05 part of composite vitamin; and (2) separately crushing the components, uniformly mixing the crushed components in proportion and carrying out drying. Since the feed has comprehensive nutrients and is easy to digest, the newly-born squab has good physique and rarely suffers from disease; moreover, the newly-born squab need not to feed with milk of a mother pigeon, so the egg laying period of the mother pigeon is shortened.

The invention discloses a marinating formula and method for young pigeons, and relates to the technical field of young pigeon marinating. The method comprises the following steps of cleaning the youngpigeons: removing the heads, the internal organs and grimy blood of the slaughtered young pigeons, and cleaning the young pigeons for later use; pickling the young pigeons: adding 100 parts by mass of the young pigeons and 30 parts by mass of pickling liquid into a tumbling machine, tumbling the young pigeons in vacuum, and then pickling the young pigeons at a low temperature; marinating the young pigeons: adding 50 parts by mass of the young pigeons and 10 parts by mass of marinating liquid into a marinating pot, and supplementing 100 parts of water; performing heating to 100 DEG C and performing stewing for 2 hours; and performing low-temperature hanging and airing: hanging the marinated young pigeons on an airing rack, and airing the marinated young pigeons in an environment with the temperature of 6-15 DEG C until the surfaces of the marinated young pigeons are slightly dry. The young pigeons are tumbled in vacuum in the pickling liquid and then pickled at the low temperature, andthen the pickled young pigeons are marinated by adding the marinating liquid, so that the young pigeons are conveniently and efficiently marinated, and the marinated young pigeons conforming to the hobbies of consumers are made.

The invention discloses pigeon feed added with black soldier fly polypide protein and a preparation method thereof. The pigeon feed is prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: 39% of puffed corn, 7% of rice flour, 18% of fermented soybean meal 50 Pr, 8% of extruded soybean, 5% of plasma protein powder, 5-10% of black soldier fly, 10-5% of imported fish meal and 8% of premix.According to the pigeon feed added with the black soldier fly polypide protein and the preparation method thereof, the pigeon feed added with the black soldier fly polypide protein is used for feeding 0-day-old to 10-day-old young pigeons, the feeding cost is reduced, the breeding survival rate is improved, and the weight of the young pigeons is increased.

The invention relates to the technical field of food, in particular to an active aminopeptide nutrient. The active aminopeptide nutrient is prepared by crushing young pigeons, pigeon eggs, pigeon livers, soybeans, pigeon skeletons, gynostemma pentaphyllum, trypsin and walnut kernels and then performing enzymolysis. Compared with the prior art, the active aminopeptide nutrient has the following beneficial effects that compared with nutrients in the market, the active aminopeptide nutrient is more reasonable in nutritional component proportion, high in nutritional value, beneficial to absorption and remarkable in effect; the active aminopeptide nutrient is more comprehensive in nutrition, not only contains a plurality of amino acids, but also contains a plurality of mineral substances and vitamin families, and mineral substances and vitamin families are also comprehensive; the young pigeon active aminopeptide nutrient is small in molecular weight, easy to digest and absorb and high in utilization rate.

The invention discloses the application of leucine in promoting pigeon milk secretion, reproductive performance, growth of pigeons and slaughter performance of pigeons. The present invention finds that adding a certain amount of leucine in the basal diet can regulate the protein synthesis of pigeon milk (reflected by the weight gain of the pigeons), increase the body weight of the breeding pigeons during the hatching period, and reduce the weight loss of the whole period; Thickness and relative weight; improve the growth performance and slaughter performance of pigeons, and reduce the mortality rate of pigeons. Therefore, leucine has a good application prospect in the feed additive for breeding pigeons, especially in improving the growth performance and slaughter performance of squabs.