The invention discloses a rear denitrifying sewage treatment device and process. A water inlet bucket, a biochemical tank, a sedimentation tank and a water outlet bucket are connected with each other in sequence; the biochemical tank comprises three parts, such as an anaerobic zone, an aerobic zone and an anoxic zone; blenders are arranged in the aerobic zone and the anoxic zone; the anaerobic zone is connected with the anoxic zone by a carbon source shunt pipe; an aerator is arranged in the aerobic zone; the aerator, a gas flowmeter and a gas pump are connected with each other in sequence; the sedimentation tank comprises a central pipe, a reflective plate, a tank body, a water outlet weir and a water outlet; and the bottom of the sedimentation tank is connected with the anaerobic zone of the biochemical tank by a sludge backflow pipe. By using a single-sludge system, the device and process, disclosed by the invention, operate in the form of continuous flow according to an anaerobic-aerobic-anoxic mode. A mixed solution rich in polyhydroxyalkanoate in the anaerobic zone is shunted to the aerobic zone to provide phosphorus-accumulating bacteria with a carbon source so that the denitrifying phosphorus removal is realized in the aerobic zone. The device and process, disclosed by the invention, have the advantages of good nitrogen and phosphorus removal effect, simple process flow, low operation energy consumption, high carbon source utilization rate and the like, and are applicable to treatment of sewage (wastewater) with low C / N (Carbon / Nitrogen) ratio and low C / P (Carbon / Phosphorus) ratio.