Tunable capacitors (10, 20, 30, 40) have a
dielectric material (16, 26, 36, 42) between electrodes, which
dielectric material comprises an insulating material (17, 27, 37, 42) and
electrically conductive material, (18, 28, 38, 48) e.g., conductive nanoparticulates, dispersed therein. In certain cases, enhanced tune-ability is achieved when the
dielectric material comprises elongated nanoparticulates (38). Further enhanced tune-ability may be achieved by aligning elongated
particulates in an
electrode-to-
electrode direction. Nanoparticulates may be produced by heating passivated nanoparticulates. Passivated nanoparticulates may be covalently bound within a
polymeric matrix. High bias potential device structures can be formed with preferential mobilities.