191results about How to "Low temperature dependence" patented technology

An anisotropic polymer film with improved alignmentis prepared by coating onto a substrate with a structured surface. The polymer films thereby obtained are useful in optical and electrooptical devices for decorative and security applications.

A diaphragm optic sensor comprises a ferrule including a bore having an optical fiber disposed therein and a diaphragm attached to the ferrule, the diaphragm being spaced apart from the ferrule to form a Fabry-Perot cavity. The cavity is formed by creating a pit in the ferrule or in the diaphragm. The components of the sensor are preferably welded together, preferably by laser welding. In some embodiments, the entire ferrule is bonded to the fiber along the entire length of the fiber within the ferrule; in other embodiments, only a portion of the ferrule is welded to the fiber. A partial vacuum is preferably formed in the pit. A small piece of optical fiber with a coefficient of thermal expansion chosen to compensate for mismatches between the main fiber and ferrule may be spliced to the end of the fiber.

A bias circuit operable to supply a bias current to a first transistor includes: a second transistor having a collector terminal connected to a first power supply; a first resistance element having one end connected to an emitter terminal of the second transistor and having the other end connected to a base terminal of the first transistor; a second resistance element having one end connected to the emitter terminal of the second transistor and having the other end connected to ground potential; at least one third resistance element provided between a base terminal of the second transistor and a second power supply; and a plurality of temperature compensation circuits connected to the base terminal of the second transistor which are operable to control a base potential of the second transistor so that the potential falls as a temperature rises.

An immersion liquid for a microlithographic projection exposure apparatus is enriched with heavy isotopes. This reduces the chemical reactivity, which leads to an extension of the lifetime of optical elements which come in contact with the immersion liquid. For example, heavy water (D2O), deuterated sulfuric acid, (D2SO4) or deuterated phosphoric acid D3P16O4 may be used. Organic compounds such as perfluoro polyethers, which have been deuterated or enriched with heavy oxygen (18O), are furthermore suitable.

A transformer unit and a power converting device, which lessen the influence of noise caused by an external magnetic flux, while reducing the temperature dependency of a coupling coefficient, and which transfer signals while insulating a low-voltage and a high-voltage side electrically. Air-core type insulated transformers have a first and second winding of a primary winding as a sending side and a first and second winding of a secondary winding as a receiving side. The windings of the primary winding are connected in parallel and are wound so that the directions of magnetic fields generated by an exciting current oppose each other. The windings of the secondary winding are wound so that electromotive forces to be generated by an external magnetic flux cancel each other, and are connected in series so as to raise the electromotive forces by a signal magnetic flux generated by the primary winding.

An inertial detecting device for detecting a change in capacitance of a sensor element caused by inertial force includes a displaceable unit. The displaceable unit includes a movable mass member which is displaceable in the direction of an inertial force and is supported in a space by a pair of beams fixed on the substrate. At least one pair of detection units for detecting the displacement of the displaceable unit are provided on the substrate. The detection unit includes a drive unit and a pair of sensing electrodes which are disposed opposite to the displaceable unit. Any gap can be freely set between the sensing electrode and the movable mass member, thereby changing the sensitivity of the detecting device in a wide range.

A diaphragm optic sensor comprises a single crystal ferrule, preferably single crystal sapphire, including a bore having an optical fiber disposed therein and a diaphragm attached to the ferrule, the diaphragm being spaced apart from the ferrule to form a Fabry-Perot cavity. The cavity is formed by creating a pit in the ferrule or in the diaphragm, or by interposing a spacer between the diaphragm and ferrule. The components of the sensor are preferably welded together, preferably by laser welding. In some embodiments, the entire ferrule is bonded to the fiber along the entire length of the fiber within the ferrule; in other embodiments, only a portion of the ferrule is welded to the fiber.

Relating to a thin film lamination and a thin film magnetic sensor using the thin film lamination and a method for manufacturing the thin film lamination that realizes a thin film conducting layer having high electron mobility and sheet resistance as an InAsSb operating layer. A thin film lamination is provided which is characterized by having an AlxIn1-xSb mixed crystal layer formed on a substrate, and an InAsxSb1-x (0<x≦1) thin film conducting layer directly formed on the AlxIn1-xSb layer, in which the AlxIn1-xSb mixed crystal layer is a layer that exhibits higher resistance than the InAsxSb1-x thin film conducting layer or exhibits insulation or p-type conductivity, and its band gap is greater than the InAsxSb1-x thin film conducting layer, and the a lattice mismatch is +1.3% to −0.8%.

A plate-shaped member (8a) whose linear expansion coefficient is larger than that of a substrate (1) is provided on the rear side of the substrate (1) of an arrayed waveguide diffraction grating (11) which divides, by a diffraction effect of an array waveguide (40), lights of a plurality of wavelengths from those having a plurality of wavelengths different from each other, which are inputted from an optical input waveguide (2), and outputs these lights from the respective optical output waveguides (6). A light transmission feature of the respective output lights includes a light transmission feature for causing lights to be transmitted, centering around the center wavelengths of light transmission, which are different from each other, wherein the center wavelengths of light transmission shifts to the long wavelength side by a temperature rise.

An apparatus comprising a substrate; and a platform elevated above the substrate and supported by curved flexures. The curvature of said flexures results substantially from variations in intrinsic residual stress within said flexures. In one embodiment the apparatus is a deformable mirror exhibiting low temperature-dependence, high stroke, high control resolution, large number of degrees of freedom, reduced pin count and small form-factor. Structures and methods of fabrication are disclosed that allow the elevation of mirror segments to remain substantially constant over a wide operating temperature range. Methods are also disclosed for integrating movable mirror segments with control and sense electronics to a produce small-form-factor deformable mirror.

A glass-ceramic which is particularly suitable as dielectric for use in the high-frequency range, in particular as dielectric resonator, as electronic frequency filter element or as antenna element is disclosed. The glass-ceramic has at least the following constituents (in mol % on an oxide basis): 5-50% of SiO2, 0-20% of Al2O3, 0-25% of B2O3, 0-25% of BaO, 10-60% of TiO2, 5-35% of Re2O3, where Ba can be partly replaced by Sr, Ca, Mg, where Re is a lanthanide or yttrium and where Ti can be partly replaced by Zr, Hf, Y, Nb, V, Ta.

A diaphragm optic sensor comprises a single crystal ferrule, preferably single crystal sapphire, including a bore having an optical fiber disposed therein and a diaphragm attached to the ferrule, the diaphragm being spaced apart from the ferrule to form a Fabry-Perot cavity. The cavity is formed by creating a pit in the ferrule or in the diaphragm, or by interposing a spacer between the diaphragm and ferrule. The components of the sensor are preferably welded together, preferably by laser welding. In some embodiments, the entire ferrule is bonded to the fiber along the entire length of the fiber within the ferrule; in other embodiments, only a portion of the ferrule is welded to the fiber.

The invention relates to a microelectromechanical resonators and a method of manufacturing thereof. The resonator comprises at least two resonator elements made from semiconductor material, the resonator elements being arranged laterally with respect to each other as an array, at least one transducer element coupled to said resonator elements and capable of exciting a resonance mode to the resonator elements. According to the invention, said at least one transducer element is a piezoelectric transducer element arranged laterally with respect to the at least two resonator elements between the at least two resonator elements and adapted to excite to the resonator elements as said resonance mode a resonance mode whose resonance frequency is dependent essentially only on the c44 elastic parameter of the elastic modulus of the material of the resonator elements. By means of the invention, electrostatic actuation and problems associated therewith can be avoided and accurate resonators can be manufactured.

Aspects of the invention include a constant current source that generates a constant current, apart from a constant current circuit, and a temperature detection zener diode (a temperature detection element). The input side of the constant current source can be connected to a power source. The output side of the constant current source can be connected to the anode of the temperature detection diode. The anode of the temperature detection zener diode can also be connected to one end of a resistor provided in the constant current circuit. Further, the cathode of the temperature detection zener diode can be connected to a GND. Further, the temperature detection zener diode can be incorporated in the same semiconductor substrate as a semiconductor substrate into which an IGBT is built.

A demodulator is provided for a multilevel differential phase shift keyed signal, capable of eliminating polarization dependence due to birefringence and polarization coupling-induced light resulting from a waveguide structure, and also, polarization dependence due to dynamic birefringence produced at the time of driving a variable phase adjuster. The demodulator is configured of an optical delay line interferometer of a waveguide interference type. The S / N ratio of a demodulated signal in the demodulator formed by the optical delay line interferometer can be also improved. Further, both the polarization dependence and the temperature dependence of the optical delay line interferometer can be reduced. The disposition of a polarization converter and groves filled with a temperature compensation material makes it possible to provide a circuit configuration suitable for eliminating the polarization dependence and the temperature dependence of the optical delay line interferometer.

A first aspect of the invention is to realize a power amplifier having high power adding efficiency and high power gain at low cost. For that purpose, in a semiconductor device using an emitter top heterojunction bipolar transistor formed above a semiconductor substrate and having a planar shape in a ring-like shape, a structure is provided in which a base electrode is present only on an inner side of a ring-like emitter-base junction region. In this way, as a result of enabling to reduce base / collector junction capacitance per unit emitter area without using a collector top structure having complicated fabricating steps, a semiconductor device having high power adding efficiency and high-power gain and suitable for a power amplifier can be realized. A second aspect of the application is to provide a power amplifier enabling to reduce temperature dependency of power gain. For that purpose, in a multistage power amplifier including a first amplifier circuit 2 having one or more of bipolar transistors connected in parallel and arranged above a first semiconductor substrate and a second amplifier circuit 3 having one or more of bipolar transistors connected in parallel and arranged above a second semiconductor substrate, the bipolar transistor used in the first amplifier circuit 2 is provided with an emitter shape having a planar shape in a rectangular shape and the bipolar transistor used in the second amplifier circuit 3 is provided with an emitter shape in, for example, a ring-like shape and a base electrode thereof is present only on the inner side of the ring-like emitter.

A high frequency power amplifier circuit includes amplifying devices whose control terminals (gate or base terminals) are supplied with a bias voltage. The high frequency power amplifier circuit keeps constant the bias voltage so that the amplifying devices operate in a saturation region. The high frequency power amplifier circuit controls an operating power supply voltage supplied to the amplifying devices in accordance with an output request level to control output power. A device (diode) having temperature dependency is provided for an operating power supply voltage control circuit that controls the operating power supply voltage for the amplifying devices in accordance with the output request level. The operating power supply voltage control circuit is configured to generate the operating power supply voltage corresponding to the device's temperature characteristics and supply it to the amplifying devices.

Provided are an optical sensor having a wider dynamic range with reduced temperature dependence, and a display apparatus in which these optical sensors are used. An optical sensor includes an accumulation node (INT); a reset signal line (RST); a readout signal line (RWS); a photodiode (D1) (photodetecting element); a photodiode (D2) (reference element) that has a light-shielding layer; a thin-film transistor (M1) (first switching element) that outputs a potential of the accumulation node (INT) in response to the readout signal during a sensing period; and a thin-film transistor (M2) (second switching element) that is provided between the accumulation node (INT) and the photodiode (D2), and that electrically separates the accumulation node (INT) from the photodiode (D2) when the potential of the accumulation node (INT) upon supply of the readout signal is higher than a potential on a side of the photodiode (D2) opposite to the accumulation node (INT).

A pressure control valve device with at least one inlet area and first and second outlet areas which can be connected by two poppet valves. A flow guide device (21), with inflow and outflow areas (22, 23) for guiding the fluid flowing from the inlet area in a defined manner in the direction of the second poppet valve, is located upstream of the second poppet valve, between the first and second outlet areas. The fluid in the flow guide device (21) passes in the area between the inflow and outflow areas (22, 23) through a plurality of channel areas distributed around the periphery of the flow guide device (21) and separated from one another, which are shaped at least approximately helically and impart an at least approximately vortex-like flow pattern to the fluid flowing in the direction of the second poppet valve downstream of the outflow area (23).

An object of the present invention is to provide a blade for an electro-photographic device formed by two layers, which undergoes minimal permanent deformation and offers excellent mechanical strength, wear resistance and compliance to the use environment.A blade for an electro-photographic device whose edge and base are constituted by different materials, wherein such blade for an electro-photographic device is characterized in that at least the edge is made of ester polyurethane and the base other than the edge is made of ether polyurethane.

A diaphragm optic sensor comprises a ferrule including a bore having an optical fiber disposed therein and a diaphragm attached to the ferrule, the diaphragm being spaced apart from the ferrule to form a Fabry-Perot cavity. The cavity is formed by creating a pit in the ferrule or in the diaphragm. The components of the sensor are preferably welded together, preferably by laser welding. In some embodiments, the entire ferrule is bonded to the fiber along the entire length of the fiber within the ferrule; in other embodiments, only a portion of the ferrule is welded to the fiber. A partial vacuum is preferably formed in the pit. A small piece of optical fiber with a coefficient of thermal expansion chosen to compensate for mismatches between the main fiber and ferrule may be spliced to the end of the fiber.

The invention relates to a microelectromechanical resonators and a method of manufacturing thereof. The resonator comprises at least two resonator elements made from semiconductor material, the resonator elements being arranged laterally with respect to each other as an array, at least one transducer element coupled to said resonator elements and capable of exciting a resonance mode to the resonator elements. According to the invention, said at least one transducer element is a piezoelectric transducer element arranged laterally with respect to the at least two resonator elements between the at least two resonator elements and adapted to excite to the resonator elements as said resonance mode a resonance mode whose resonance frequency is dependent essentially only on the c44 elastic parameter of the elastic modulus of the material of the resonator elements. By means of the invention, electrostatic actuation and problems associated therewith can be avoided and accurate resonators can be manufactured.

A photochromic plastic object made of a transparent synthetic resin material composed of at least two mutually penetrating polymer networks of different polymer materials and containing at least one photochromic dye homogeneously distributed therein, and a method for producing such a photochromic object.

The invention relates to a birefringent marking comprising a liquid crystal material. The invention further relates to method of providing such a birefringent marking and to the use of the birefringent marking for decorative or security applications.

A strainer integrated flowmeter 210 is constituted by a strainer section 203 provided with a housing 202 having a flow passage 207 formed therein, a filter member 209 and a filter member insertion cylinder 210; and a flowmeter section 204 provided with a housing 202 having a flow passage 208 formed therein and a flow rate sensor 226. The housings 202 of both the strainer section 203 and flowmeter section 204 are integrated, and the flowmeter section 204 is disposed at downstream side. A vent hole 215 is formed in the housing 202 so as to be in communication with the flow passage 207.

Disclosed is a gyro sensor, which comprises a primary base plate (1) and a support base plate (2) which are superimposed on one another. The primary base plate (1) is provided with a driven mass body (11) to be driven in such a manner as to be vibrated in a direction intersecting with a surface of the support base plate (2), and a detection mass body (12) coupled with the driven mass body (11) through a drive spring (13) and adapted to be displaceable in a plane along the support base plate (2). Two detection springs (15) extending in the arranging direction of the driven mass body (11) and the detection mass body (12) are connected, respectively, to opposite side of the detection mass body (12), and the other ends of the detection springs (15) are connected together through a coupling segment (16). A fixing segment (17) provided at a longitudinally intermediate portion of the coupling segment (16) is fixed to the support base plate (2). A member formed by integrating the driven mass body (11) and the detection mass body (12) through the drive spring (13) is supported relative to the support base plate (2) by the detection springs (15) in a cantilever manner.

A bias circuit operable to supply a bias current to a first transistor includes: a second transistor having a collector terminal connected to a first power supply; a first resistance element having one end connected to an emitter terminal of the second transistor and having the other end connected to a base terminal of the first transistor; a second resistance element having one end connected to the emitter terminal of the second transistor and having the other end connected to ground potential; at least one third resistance element provided between a base terminal of the second transistor and a second power supply; and a plurality of temperature compensation circuits connected to the base terminal of the second transistor which are operable to control a base potential of the second transistor so that the potential falls as a temperature rises.

Provide are a rubber composition which enhances a low fuel consumption and a reinforcing property with a filler and maintains an abrasion resistance and a DRY performance and which has an excellent on-ice performance and an excellent WET performance and a pneumatic tire prepared by using the above rubber composition for a tread.The above rubber composition is characterized by comprising (A) a rubber component containing an end-modified conjugated diene base polymer, (B) an inorganic compound powder represented by the following Formula (I) and (C) a filler:M.xSiO2.yH2O   (I)(wherein M is at least one oxide or hydroxide of metal selected from Al, Mg, Ti and Ca, and both of x and y are an integer of 0 to 10).

A field-effect transistor (FET) in which a gate electrode is located between a source electrode formed on one side of the gate electrode and a drain electrode formed on the other side, a source ohmic contact is formed under the source electrode and a drain ohmic contact is formed under the drain electrode. In the FET, the rise in the channel temperature is suppressed, the parasitic capacitance with a substrate is decreased, and the temperature dependence of drain efficiency is reduced, so that highly efficient operation can be achieved at high temperatures. The drain electrode is divided into a plurality of drain sub-electrodes spaced from each other and an insulating region is formed between the drain ohmic contacts formed under the drain sub-electrodes.