The invention discloses a differential duplex filtering antenna with double-groove symmetrical excitation. The antenna comprises an upper dielectric substrate, a lower dielectric substrate, a metal floor, a first metal feed microstrip line, a second metal feed microstrip line, a metal rectangular radiation patch, a coupling gap, a metal microstrip resonator, a first metal microstrip split-ring resonator, a second metal microstrip split-ring resonator, a third metal microstrip split-ring resonator and a fourth metal microstrip split-ring resonator. According to the invention, a compact structure is used, functions of radiation, duplex synthesis, channel filtering, differential feeding and balance-unbalance conversion are realized at the same time, and good cross polarization performance, lobe symmetry and duplex filtering radiation capability are ensured.