The invention discloses a vertical pipe falling film evaporator, which comprises a plurality of evaporation units which are detachably connected with one another to form a rectangular array, a shell of each evaporation unit comprises a cylinder body, an upper sealing head and a lower sealing head, the upper sealing head and the lower sealing head are arranged at the two ends of the cylinder body, the cylinder body is cuboid, and each evaporation unit comprises a film distribution section, a heating section and a separation section from top to bottom; a first connecting assembly is used for communicating the heating steam of each row of evaporation units; a second connecting assembly is used for communicating the condensed water of each row of evaporation units; and a third connecting assemblies communicate the secondary steam of each row of evaporation units, and the third connecting assemblies are arranged in each row of evaporation units in an up-down staggered mode, so that the secondary steam reversely flows in the adjacent evaporation units. According to the vertical pipe falling film evaporator, the modular evaporation units are detachably connected into the rectangular array, the heating steam, the condensate water and the secondary steam in the rectangular array form a specific path to be communicated, large-scale production of the vertical pipe falling film evaporator is achieved, and the handling capacity of the evaporator is improved.