The invention belongs to the field of traffic engineering, and discloses a multi-factor short-term traffic flow prediction method based on neural network LSTM. The multi-factor short-term traffic flowprediction method based on the neural network LSTM comprises the following steps: step 1, obtaining traffic flow data of a period of time, and preprocessing the traffic flow data to obtain short-termtraffic flow data; step 2, screening the short-term traffic flow data according to weather records and holiday records, and dividing data sets; step 3, performing data cleaning, data reconstruction,and normalization; and step 4, establishing an LSTM neural network model, selecting the data set according to the weather conditions and holiday conditions of the date to be predicted, using the selected data set to train the LSTM neural network model and adjust the LSTM parameters, and obtaining the traffic flow of the date to be predicted based on the established LSTM neural network model. The invention provides a more detailed idea, excludes influences of other factors on the traffic flow, such as weather factors and holiday factors, and relatively improves the prediction accuracy, so thatthe traffic flow prediction of a certain period in the future is more accurate and effective.