The invention provides an attribute-based anti-collusion attack proxy re-encryption method, which relates to the technical field of data encryption, and comprises a system parameter setting module forinputting a security parameter 1<n> and generating a system public parameter params and a main private key MSK; a private key generation module for inputting params and MSK into an attribute list L to generate a private key SK<L> and a corresponding public key PK<L>; an encryption module for inputting params, L, PK<L>, an access structure (W, rho) and a message M, wherein the algorithm returns ciphertext; a re-key generation module for inputting params, attribute lists L1, l2 and the secret key of the attribute list L1, wherein the algorithm returns the re-encryption secret key shown in the description; a re-encryption module for inputting the params, a new access structure (W', rho') and the ciphertext corresponding to the attribute list L1, wherein the algorithm returns the ciphertext corresponding to the re-encrypted L2; and a decryption module for inputting the params, the ciphertext C<L> and the private key SK<L>, wherein the algorithm returns a message M or a terminator T upsidedown. The proxy re-encryption method has the characteristics of quantum attack resistance, unidirectionality, reusability and collusion attack resistance.