The invention discloses a breeding method for guaranteeing cotton variety ecological adaptability and yield stability. The method comprises the steps of selecting a test new strain, focally planting plants in pots, and burying the pots into a test field, wherein 8 plots of each strain are planted, and are subjected to different irrigation amount treatment respectively; setting the water using time to be July 1 st to July 20 th, keeping away from the rainy season, conducting watering at around 2 pm every day, and using a multi-point soil temperature and humidity recorder to record the change of soil temperature and humidity in real time; recording the abscission condition of cotton buds and bolls, boll-setting performance, blight and verticillium wilt indexes, and comprehensive agronomic characters of plants in the pots respectively; conducting an indoor plant test, recording the boll weights, lint percents and yields of the strains and detecting the fiber quality; analyzing the relativity of the yield, quality, resistance data recorded in tests and recorded temperature and humidity data, and locating the materials which are low in relativity or have no obvious relativity as a target material. In this way, a new strain which is insensitive to temperature and humidity change reactions and good in ecological adaptability and yield stability is sifted out.